The Power of Winning Even When it Looks Like You’re Losing

The Power of Winning Even When it would seem that You’re Losing Serious nature I was a delayed prodigy when it went to the on-line Scrabble game Words with Friends, some way or another not finding the game until the previous fall. As anyone might expect, I was quickly snared. As of this composition, I’ve played 136 games, 105 of which I won, 30 of which I lost, and 1 of which I tied (that was my 15-year-old intelligent nephew). I’m a serious individual, and have been since playing backgammon with my father at a youthful age. He could never allow me to win. I like to play to win, and anticipate that others should do likewise. At the point when I initially began playing Words with Friends, I lost around one out of each three games. At that point I found the Word Strength apparatus that lets me know whether I’ve found the most noteworthy conceivable scoring word. That kicked my degree of playing (and my normal word score) up a couple of indents. I generally endeavor to distinguish that high-scoring word, regardless of whether I don’t wind up playing it. On the off chance that I don’t discover it, I feel crushed. Enticed to stop? I have gotten the hang of something important to me as a contender: I don’t like to stop. Not finding the most elevated scoring word wants to stop. In the event that I’m losing a game, I make another game for myself to attempt to close the hole. Now and again I succeed. I’ll disclose to you a certain something: I have never surrendered a game in light of the fact that my rival played a 100+ point word, or on the grounds that I was behind by 100, or for some other explanation. I will consistently complete my games, and in the event that I lose, I lose true to form. Indeed, as much as I don’t like to lose, winning constantly is practically more regrettable. At a certain point I amassed a 34-game series of wins and really grumbled about it. What was the purpose of playing on the off chance that I generally won? I am inspired by challenge. I will continue playing somebody who beats me unfailingly, on the grounds that one day I will win and I will feel wonderful about that. Not every person resembles me. I had one rival a week ago who beat me two games in succession. I was celebrating having a commendable rival and was eager to continue playing with her; at that point when I began to beat her by a noteworthy edge in our third game, she suddenly surrendered. Essentially, another adversary who pulled out ahead from the get-go in our game surrendered when I overwhelmed her by changing her statement, AZINE, into HYDRAZINE on a triple-word score. What befell the adventure of the battle? I imparted my experience to my stylist and she informed me regarding a companion who began an opposition among her companions with respect to who could make the most strides in a day. At the point when her companion felt wiped out the principal morning of the test, she quit the entire thing. She was that reluctant to lose, or to make a solid effort to fight against eminent loss. I’ve knew about individuals who quit while they’re ahead, which to me implies expanding on your successes and not releasing yourself stale. I’ve as of late heard this called â€Å"flipping on the up† †making a solid move when you’re at a top to intensify your prosperity. Be that as it may, stopping when you begin to fall behind is, to me, an indication of somebody who isn't happy to feel harmed or to battle through the extreme occasions. Setting yourself up for a rebound In sports, rebounds are the most exciting stories. You may review the 2004 Boston Red Sox, the main group at any point to return from a 0-3 record in the American League Championship-and to then secure the World Series in a scope. This was their first World Series win in quite a while. Also, in the resume composing world, probably the most remarkable projectiles are the ones that report a turnaround. Somebody who pulled an organization, an office or a group out of a droop is a significant individual to have around. That’s an individual who doesn’t let awful news get them down. From what I can tell, the most ideal approach to remain propelled to win when you’re losing is to accept it’s conceivable to win-and while there’s a genuine chance of losing. Persuading yourself there’s no chance you’ll win won't inspire you, and thinking you’ll consistently win will likewise not propel you. Studies show that groups who are somewhat behind are in reality bound to win than the ones marginally ahead. That’s where the chance of winning is genuine, as is the chance of losing. That edge is the thing that gets the adrenaline moving and drives individuals into high rigging. How would you react when you begin falling behind? Do you quit while you’re ahead and utilize your prosperity to arrive at your next objective, or do you quit when you figure you will lose? How does this appear in your life? Welcome me So†¦ Who needs to play Words with Friends with me? Welcome me at brandyesq.

Decision Making in Multicultural Team Essay

Choices will be decisions between at least two options in contrast to an issue and are as a rule in type of judgments, understandings, or presentations (Le Baron, 2007). Adler (1998) declares that choices can be discoveries and genuine and can likewise be considered as judgment or assessment of administering. Dynamic conduct similarly as with other conduct is influenced by different components, boss among them the social direction of a person. The way to deal with dynamic in a socially assorted group may decide if a group succeeds or not. The comprehension of the commitment and impact of national culture on dynamic among people is a vital factor in overseeing worldwide associations. Thusly, pioneers of socially different groups require a comprehension of the team’s social elements so as to settle on successful choices and to oversee for powerful group the executives. Beneath, the procedure of dynamic and the methodology in dynamic for supervisors of multi social groups will be taken a gander at. Reasons regarding why chiefs of various social areas are probably going to settle on various choices for their groups will likewise be distinguished. At long last, the positive and negative impacts of social contrasts on everyday life will be talked about. A social edge of reference is significant in settling on choices for a multicultural different group for different reasons. Singular dynamic as a rule follows an example of issue acknowledgment and definition, assessment of arrangements dependent on specific measures, designation of weight to the rules, creating options, assessing options and choice of the best other option (Adler, 1998). At each phase of dynamic, culture may impact the procedure of dynamic. For instance, in the difficult acknowledgment stage, people may either perceive issues at various occasions, decided to acknowledge the issue or explain it. At the data search stage, while some may utilize an observational research or actuality arranged methodology, others will settle on an instinctive methodology. At the options stage, future situated people would create more other options. Thus, different convictions, for example, the recognitions on the capacity of grown-ups to change or not to change will impact the choices of a person. A few factors in decision settling on that may impact dynamic incorporate view of hazard, the leader, speed of dynamic and the individual’s character as either scholars or antennas. At long last, at the usage stage, the choice will again be affected on how quick it is made, regardless of whether it is participative or socially bound (Edward, 1998). The above impacts in dynamic as controlled by different social directions have been clarified by different analysts. Hofstede distinguished five social measurements that affected dynamic and they incorporate independence versus community, which recognizes how much individuals in a country like to go about as people to gatherings, vulnerability shirking, which discloses the degree to which people like to keep away from vulnerability in future in this way leaning toward organized circumstance s with tight guidelines. Others incorporate manliness versus feminity, with social orders high on manliness esteeming decisiveness, rivalry and achievement and those with high incentive for feminity excited about looking after connections, personal satisfaction, thinking about the powerless, etc. At last, different impacts were apparent relying upon the perspectives, for example, inclination for momentary triumphs when contrasted with long time allotments and perseverance. Trompenaars distinguished independence versus communitarians, which is like Hofstedes individual versus aggregate measurement. A comprehension of social orders that display different measurements will offer a social casing of reference along these lines empowering compelling dynamic for administrators of multicultural associations. Dynamic in a multicultural association has a few preferences and detriments for an association. Among the favorable circumstances, a multicultural association has less probabilities of encountering bunch think. Mindless obedience is recognized where people having comparative societies are confronted with hallucinations of insusceptibility, figments of ethical quality, pressure for similarity, and generalizing, self restriction among different attributes that are probably going to influence an association adversely. Other negative impacts of multicultural dynamic are immediate versus backhanded correspondence (Edward, 1998). A lady who was working for a U. S organization in its Japanese office, which was checking programming, discovered a slip-up and messaged a warning to her chief and her three Japanese interfaces in Japan, therefore they lost so much face. Another distinction comes when there is a varying demeanor toward chain of command and authority, In a various leveled culture like India’s, there’s a ton of concession to senior individuals, either by age or level in the association. For example, Indians builds in multicultural groups happens to see Americans trading words with the group drove or with by more established individuals, and they are socially not open to doing that, so the group passes them by and everybody loses (Le Baron, 2007). The third negative viewpoint is issue with complement and familiarity. At the point when colleagues have accents or need accents or jargon in the language of the group, frequently they are hesitant to shout out on their subject matters (Lederach and John, 1995). For instance, individuals who are not lenient of accents don’t hear them out that create a self-fortifying disgrace, they become hesitant to talk lastly the group loses their ability (Edward, 1998). Points of interest that a multicultural various association may encounter incorporate new ways to deal with critical thinking, various edges of reference, and various degrees of investigation, capacity to mix in instinctive and experimental data in this way prompting better choices. Other constructive outcomes of social contrasts incorporate securing social information on various social gatherings and impact every one of our parts of our lives by learning their great side of culture. Lethargic gathering individuals become dynamic if there should be an occurrence of cooperative choice creation process (Le Baron, 2007). Administrators are additionally ready to know their gathering individuals characteristics in dynamic and critical thinking (Lederach and John Paul, 1995). The explanation with respect to why an American chief is probably going to settle on various choices for their groups than an Asian head is because of social foundation and contrasts in dynamic (Le Baron, 2007). Judiciousness is a significant reason for distinction among Asians and Americans, an American supervisor may settle on an essential choice instinctively, however the individual in question realizes that it is imperative to continue in a sound manner. This is on the grounds that soundness is exceptionally esteemed in the west (Le Baron, 2007). In nations, for example, Iran, where judiciousness isn't resisted, endeavors to seem sane are a bit much. The other reason for contrast is on the grounds that dynamic in Asia is more gathering focused than in the United States. Asians esteem similarity and participation, consequently, their directors settle on a significant choice, they gather a lot of data, which is then utilized in consensusâ€forming collective choice. References Adler, N. J. , (2008). Global elements of authoritative conduct. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing. Edward T. (1998). Past Culture. , New York: Doubleday distributers. Le Baron, T. (2007). Struggle and culture. The executives of multicultural groups Lederach, D. and John, P. (1995). Getting ready for Peace. Strife Transformation across Cultures. New York: Syracuse University Press.

The Company of Wolves Free Essays

â€Å"The Company of Wolves† by Angela Carter follows the story line of the great children’s fantasy â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† which is known all around in the western world. In spite of the connection between the two stories, â€Å"The Company of Wolves† has cleverly been composed with a frightful air and unexpected developments to draw in the peruser. Reexamined into a gothic dream, the story features Red Riding Hood’s guiltlessness and utilizations the Wolf as an allegory for men to situate the peruser to respond uniquely in contrast to the exemplary fantasy. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Company of Wolves or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now It gets clear to the peruser that the story depends on the notable fantasy ‘Little Red Riding Hood’ yet Carter has contorted the blameless children’s story into an extreme gothic dream which positions the peruser to get a handle on a more noteworthy comprehension of the occasions paving the way to the peak and the foundation when all is said in done. The beautician decisions of enchantment authenticity contrast from the great meaning of imagination on the grounds that sensible systems of this present reality are curved with the extraordinary bringing about lethal, twisted or ruthless circumstances; in this occurrence Red Riding Hood taking part in sexual acts with the Wolf. From the earliest starting point the peruser is completely mindful of the complex decision of gothic dream, â€Å"One mammoth and just a single monster yells in the forested areas by night† is run of the mill of gothic stories as woods are generally depicted as a risky and a restricting setting, yet in addition gives accentuation through reiteration of ‘one beast’ and ‘only one’ to draw the reader’s consideration onto the way that the Wolf is significant and assumes a critical job in the story. A typical part of gothic stories is winter which is the setting of the story, as appeared through appropriation of the words ‘snow’, ‘Christmas’, ‘Robin’, ‘blizzard’ and ‘cold’ all through the story which are exemplary meanings comparative with the season. The elaborate decision made via Carter corresponding to the exemplary pixie style makes a shocking climate and positions the peruser to address in the event that they truly know the plot of the story. Minimal Red Riding Hood is depicted as an honest young lady in the great fantasy which is helped through into Carters variant with a couple of turns. At first Little Red’s honesty is unmistakably characterized as her virginal status is portrayed utilizing allegories as ‘She is a solid egg; she is a fixed vessel’ and her physical appearance takes after that of a young lady ‘hair like build up, pale brow, red cheeks’. Since she has ‘started her woman’s bleeding’ it is sheltered to expect that her shawl is emblematic to speaks to simply that or her honesty as she nters this time of her life. As the story advances Little Red doesn't stop for a second to hand over her bushel when ‘he [the Wolf] offered to convey her basket’, expecting the container is an image used to speaks to her virginity this scene outlines how uneducated young ladies in this period were about sex and the hazard it presented to them. Minimal Red isn't r eluctant about giving over her bushel since she has no idea about what the Wolf is doing, despite the fact that she doesn't have the foggiest idea what was going to happen to her he unquestionably does. At this particular point in the story the peruser is situated to reconsider the guiltlessness of the young lady, addressing whether the wolf is exploiting her or whether she realizes what she needs. Concerning Red’s shawl speaking to her guiltlessness, approaching the finish of the story the Wolf shouts in answer to her requesting that what do with it decision of word usage, â€Å"Throw it into the fire, darling. You won’t need it again,† unmistakably recognizes that he has taken her guiltlessness and virginity and that its absolutely impossible for it to be turned around; ‘fire’ speaking to an irreversible doing. The honesty of Little Red has definitely been removed and no long exists to the peruser, the peruser will not, at this point have the option to peruse the first form without the steady token of Little Red’s disintegration of blamelessness in Carters variant. Carter, being a great women's activist, has molded the Wolf into a representation of the negative side to men. To start ‘One monster and just a single brute yells in the woods’, in especially the reiteration of ‘one’ and ‘only one’ gives accentuation upon the way that there is just one wolf and that he is a significant resource for the story, maybe the way that the story couldn't work without this male character which makes him significant and prevailing. Carter has utilized this to reflect her assessment that men, or a few men, have an outlook that a women’s life couldn't work without them. The wolf rushes to ‘offer[ered] to convey her basket’, which is an image of her virginity. These activities show Carters assessment on men figuring they can rule ladies particularly since the Wolf knew precisely what he was doing comparative with Little Red who was neglectful of his activities since she is uneducated on sex. The Wolf is passed on by the peruser as a horrendous sexual stalker out to guarantee youthful girl’s virginity, which positions them to feel thoughtful for Little Red who speaks to ladies. The dominancy of the Wolf taking the young ladies virginity is sought after close to the finish of the story as the Wolf arranges her to, â€Å"Throw it [shawl] on the fire, darling. You won’t need it again,† which is noteworthy in light of the fact that the shawl speaks to her virginity which has now been scorched. The expression of the expression ‘dear one’ is compelling on the grounds that it shows how a man can profess to think about a young ladies sentiments and be sweet so as to control her into planning something for his favorable position. By this point in the story the peruser has been situated to see the Wolf uniquely in contrast to the one that gets murdered in the conventional story to a prevailing male character who has no regard for Little Red. When the peruser has perused â€Å"The Company of Wolves† they unquestionably won’t have the option to see the great â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† in a similar light once more. Reevaluated into a gothic dream, the story features Red Riding Hood’s guiltlessness and utilizations the Wolf as an illustration for men to situate the peruser to respond uniquely in contrast to the great fantasy. The story anyway doesn't really have just negative results since it could make the peruser to contemplate how different characters in various fantasies have been depicted and how they can challenge the desires they have been put in. Instructions to refer to The Company of Wolves, Essay models

Love, Revenge, and Passion - 1179 Words

Emily Bronte will forever be known for the infamous romance of Heathcliff and Catherine in Wuthering Heights. Not many couples can boast such a tumultuous and violent relationship, or of such passion and devotion. Catherine and Heathcliff share a bond that reaches deeper than a physical attraction. From their childhood until their deaths, their lives revolve around the other. Their preoccupation with each other does not represent the loving nature of most relationships; in fact, it often exhibits animosity and resentment. Their equally passionate and emotional personalities often clash, and lead to an obsession with getting revenge for each other’s many acts of rejection and heartlessness. One begins to wonder while reading how their†¦show more content†¦Even though she loves Linton, she knows they do not have the same connection as she and Heathcliff share, and she has â€Å"no more business to marry Edgar Linton than [she has] to be in heaven† (Bronte 102). Y et at the same time, she feels Heathcliff is beneath her. She claims that â€Å"every Linton on the face of the earth might melt into nothing before [she] could consent to forsake Heathcliff†, yet in accepting Linton’s marriage proposal, she has already forsaken him (Bronte 103). Her own selfish desire to have Linton, yet keep Heathcliff too is only given consideration; Catherine decision making process shows her â€Å"Pathologically egotistical† nature. Her â€Å"self-obsession is†¦more potent than the ordinary self-centredness of the young†, and not once does she stop to reflect on how her marriage will affect Heathcliff (Thormahlen). Little did she realize how major an offense to his pride it would be. In anger, he runs away from Wuthering Heights, to change himself into someone more acceptable to Catherine, and stays away for three years. While over those years Heathcliff changed considerably in aspect, he still possessed the same â€Å"fierce, pitiless, wolfish† qualities of his youth (Bronte 131). Catherine is delighted by his reappearance, but his motives are not as pure as she initially guessed. He did not return merely to see Catherine again, but to exact revenge on her, a repayment for the heartbreak she caused himShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wuthering Heights Conflict Analysis994 Words   |  4 PagesIn Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «, revenge is one of the most prominent themes within the novel. This theme plays into a recurring literary theme of the war between passion and responsibility, seen specifically within Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s character Heathcliff. In this case, Heathcliff’s passion is his overwhelming desire for revenge on the Earnshaw and Linton families in order to gain what he believes is rightfully his. With his mind solely focused on seeking vengeance on those who have hurt him, HeathcliffRead More A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare1029 Words   |  5 PagesShak espearian comedy where passion is a significant theme. It is perceived in a variety of ways such as passion for revenge, recognition, and for love, which have the potential to blur the lines between the levels of social hierarchy. Shakespeare uses a variety of characters such as Helena, Nick Bottom, and Oberon to express the theme of passion and its significance in the play. Helena represents the passion for love in this text, as she runs after Demetrius into a forest seeking love between them, evenRead MoreEssay on The Evil Character Medea in Euripides Medea585 Words   |  3 Pageshusbands safety. At the peak of the reading, she becomes a murderous villain that demands respect and even some sympathy. By the end, the husband and wife are left devoid of love and purpose as the tragedy closes. In Medea, a woman betrays her homeland because of her love for a man. Jason is the husband that she ferociously loves and makes sacrifices for. They have two children together: Antigone and Ismeme. In Jasons quest for the golden fleece, Medea assists him in multiple ways. One of the thingsRead MoreLife Of Pi Character Analysis819 Words   |  4 Pagesupon Piscine Molitor Patel’s life. Piscine Molitor Patel was very passionate about a lot of things such as zoology, science and religion. These passions sometimes brought him into conflict as his love for religion resulted in him practicing Hinduism, Christianity, and Hinduism at the same time. To Pi, this was no problem as he was simply showing his love for god however, to his parents and religious leaders, this was not okay and he is chased away from all the temples, churches, and mosques in hisRead More The Power of Love in Wuthering Heights Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose and promoted ideals of love and brotherhood. W uthering Heights is more of a Victorian Gothic novel; it contains passion, violence, and supernatural elements (Mitchell 119). The world of Wuthering Heights seems to be a world without morals. In Wuthering Heights, Brontà « does not idealize love; she presents it realistically, with all its faults and merits. She shows that love is a powerful force which can be destructive or redemptive. Heathcliff has an all-consuming passion for Catherine. When sheRead MoreHamlet- Shakespeare dramatises the tension between Passion and Reason1413 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SHAKESPEARE DRAMATISES THE TENSION BETWEEN PASSION AND REASON IN HAMLET TO WHAT EXTENT DOES THIS VIEW SUPPORT YOUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PLAY Acts of passion and acts of reason can be differentiated by a sense of underlying tension, Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ published in 1601 explores these universal ideologies by dramatizing this underlying tension. ‘Hamlet’ presents challenging representations of the traditional values of passion and reason through their varying forms. The representation of theseRead More Wuthering Heights- Is Heathcliff a man or a devil? Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesWuthering Heights- Is Heathcliff a man or a devil? Wuthering Heights was written by Emily Brontà « and was first published in 1847, it was written during the romantic period, it is a story of love, lust and sorrow all held together by extreme passion, love and hate. One of the main characters in the book Wuthering Heights is Heathcliff, he was a orphan who lived in Liverpool, we find very little about Heathcliffs past before he is adopted by the Earnshaws, which makes Heathcliff aRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthinking about the possible consequences. The main theme of this gothic romance novel is passion. The strong emotions such as love, hate, and desire that Catherine and Heathcliff feel for each other and the people around them controls their actions and makes their behaviour excessive, driving the story forward and generating action in the novel. The character depicted as most passionate is Heathcliff. His passion is dark and vengeful. Adopted into the Earnshaw family as a child, he grew up with CatherineRead MoreHeathcliffs Personality in Wuthering Heights Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesshedding a tear. Heathcliffs dominant will was being fed by Mr. Earnshaws favouritism, when he dies this changes, Heathcliff then suffers the tyranny of Hindley. From this point on, the revenge theme begins in the novel. Heathcliffs recollection of the Grange in Chapter 6 is tied this first inkling of revenge, If I might have the privilege of flinging Joseph off the highest gale and painting the housefront with Hindleys blood. Heathcliffs language at the Grange, indicated a malevolentRead MoreClaudius Character Analysis858 Words   |  4 Pagesmost popular plays ever written. Claudius causes a war between passion and responsibility when he murders the father of Hamlet, the main character, and then marries Hamlets mother Gertrude. Claudius killed Hamlets father and then married Gertrude only so he could take the crown and become King. Claudius put passion in front of his responsibilities as Hamlets uncle and as a result of Claudius’ actions, Hamlet is forced to find revenge on him for the murder of his father and marriage of his mom.

Changes in Character in Shakespeare´s Macbeth - 1197 Words

Macbeth a play written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century shows the unexpected happens when it is least expected. In the beginning of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is stronger and more ruthless then her husband Macbeth because her only interested in gaining power. She plans and executes a death with little remorse. Macbeth is soft, kind, loyal and initially has a conscience. Over time, Macbeths character takes a turn for the worse. He goes from the scared man that he first was into an evil man. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth become the people that the reader least expects them to be. In the beginning of the play Lady Macbeth is much more ruthless but throughout the play this changes and Macbeth becomes even more ruthless then Lady†¦show more content†¦Macbeth gets afraid and very angry so he leaves the table. Lady Macbeth goes after her husband to get him to go back to the table and be a good host so that no one has suspicions. When Macbeth comes back he sees Banquos ghost. Macbeth turns pale after seeing the ghost and shouts at it telling it to leave. He is the only one that can see the ghost and everyone at the table thinks that Macbeth has gone mad. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are switching places he is now the one acting of control and she is the one that is not crazy. The killing of Banquo is the beginning of Macbeth becoming a ruthless Tyrant and Lady Macbeth beginning to feel some remorse as she keeps seeing the blood of Duncan on her hands. As the play goes on Macbeth becomes more and more tyrannical and Lady Macbeth goes more and more insane. The next victims of Macbeth are different because he had a good reason to kill Duncan and Banquo. Duncan is killed so Macbeth can take his place, as King and Banquo knows about the witches’ predictions, so he is a threat to Macbeth and his throne because the witches predicted that, â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.†(1iii) Macbeth has no reason to kill Macduff’s family except for revenge on Macduff for going to England to meet the king. Macbeth had been told by the witches to beware Macduff (IVi), he wanted Macduff out of the way. So Macbeth sent hisShow MoreRelatedMacbeth864 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrating the characters. In the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are developed through the use of clothing, sleep, and blood imagery. Through the use of clothing imagery, Shakespeare exposes and develops the character of Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth is seen as loyal soldier of King Duncan. When presented with the title of Thane of Cawdor, he says Why do you dress me/ In borrowed robes (I.iii.115). 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Regardless of which way one looks at it, if an individual attempt to be someone he is not, his reality will eventually show up at last. This is precisely what occurs in William Shakespeare s play, Macbeth. Via MacbethRead MoreMacbeth : Lightness And Darkness988 Words   |  4 PagesMuratovic Mr. Tice Honors English 2 6 March 2017 Macbeth Essay: Lightness and Darkness Is the lightness and darkness combination, implemented by Shakespeare in the play The Tragedy of Macbeth, foreshadowing Macbeth’s downfall? As many can identify conspicuous examples of light and darkness through characterization, the play has many hidden foreshadowing signifiers. Although many overlook the imagery created through the light and darkness in Macbeth, Shakespeare places these examples strategically to makeRead MoreMacbeth Final Soliloquy828 Words   |  4 PagesMan s natural ambition is to thrive and achieve power. This ambition tends to be realized through wealth, relationships, social class, or faith. Ultimately, the goal to succeed is simply reflective of the underlying desire to justify one s existence. Without justification, life becomes meaningless and one becomes numb to the world that surrounds. This numbness is what depresses humans of essential emotions and commonly leads to suicide. In Act V., Scene V., lines 20-31, Macbeth s final soliloquyRead MoreA mbition and Death - the Story of the Renaissance in Macbeth1189 Words   |  5 PagesRenaissance in Macbeth In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth s attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches, is significantly affected. In a larger sense, the theme of bad versus good kingship, embodied by Macbeth and DuncanRead MoreRespect and Sympathy in Macbeths Soliloquies Essay941 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth is a complex story of a great and popular king, named Duncan, who is murdered brutally by a horrid, vicious Tyrant called Macbeth, who was considered one of Duncans closest and most loyal friends. This tyrant brings havoc and devastation to the once almighty land of Scotland. Macbeth is an intricate character and has many different personality changes throughout the play. Shakespeare created Macbeth as a character who would capture our imaginationsRead More Literary Techniques in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Techniques in Shakespeares Macbeth Without literary techniques most literature would be colorless. Therefore these techniques are very crucial in producing successful writing. Not only do they create interest, they also help in development of characters, this is especially depicted in the Shakespearean play, Macbeth. The characters developed from the different literary techniques such as irony, paradox, and imagery assist in conveying the many themes throughout the play. InRead MoreMental Insanity In Macbeth And Hamlet By William Shakespeare952 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare uses insanity to contrast characters in his tragedies. Shakespeare often uses stress as a trigger to spiral his characters into this state of mind. Shakespeare’s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet both contain characters that experience a great deal of stress and fall into mental unrest. This mental unrest or insanity is a device used by Shakespeare for contrasting imagery of characterization. The contrast of mental illness with mental wellness within these tragedies is shown in multipleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pages 2015 Macbeth Research Paper When studying literature or reading a play, our attention is drawn to the protagonist or antagonist. Shakespeare directs our attention onto heroism, which can be seen across all of his plays like Macbeth or Julius Caesar. The protagonists Macbeth and Banquo conquer the evils that face them throughout the plot. However, the nature of violence that takes place throughout Shakespeare’s plays is in relation toâ€Å"the source of the killing of the soul†(Macbeth and the

Hiv / Aids An Unknown Disease - 1508 Words

Emerging in the early 1980s, HIV/AIDS was an unknown disease that spread rapidly throughout the United States. In the beginning not much information was found due to this being a very new disease with a completely unknown background. As decades passed, research has increased as well as the number of cases of people reporting that they are infected. Being that 1 out of every 4 people are infected with HIV/AIDS, this disease has had such an immense impact socially, domestically, as well as politically. Due to this increase in cases, the United States Congress passed the CARE Act (Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act). Named after a young AIDS activist, Ryan White, the CARE Act helps primarily fund health care and support services for†¦show more content†¦While the revision does bring up noticeable and optimistic changes such as the act also being applied to people who are HIV-positive, as well as funds being distributed across the country to rural and urban areas, rebutt als still arise and some senators still oppose this revision. While both sides of the divided senators bring up great points, the question is whether the act should remain the same or should the revision be passed and help contribute to those who are suffering from this dire disease. Being divided on a controversial topic, Senator Mike Enzi, Mary Bono, Nathan Deal, Joe Barton, and Mark Souder are all in favor to pass this revision and move on to continue this battle against HIV/AIDS. All the honorable representatives bring up very interesting point of views on why this reauthorization should be passed. Senator Mike Enzi brings up the point that it is shameful to not include people who are HIV-positive under this act. Doing so will help further contribute to the assistance needed to people who are suffering and can’t afford the proper treatment to help battle both HIV and AIDS. Representative Mary Bono also brings up a very good point saying that, â€Å"The CARE Act has for 1 6 years been a cornerstone of the care, treatment, and support services necessary for the lives of people living with HIV and AIDS. It is vitally important to maintain its support and modernize its approach to ensure it

Business and Corporations Law

Question: Discuss about the Business and Corporations Law. Answer: Facts In the present situation given, the consumer had bought a car from the supplier and the machinery of the car broke down. The validity of the insertion of an exclusion clause by the supplier which waives off his liability under the Australian law is under dispute in the present case. Issue Whether Linyu would be termed as a consumer under the Australian Consumer Law? Whether the guarantees as provided under the consumer law would have to be adhered to by the supplier in the present situation? Whether there was an unconscionable bargain on behalf of the supplier? Rule The Australian Consumer Law has sought to provide various guarantees which have to be adhered to while the supply of a good or service takes place. Also it mentions regarding the definition of a consumer. According to Section 3 of the Australian Consumer Law, a consumer is a person, whose goods and services are of kinds which are ordinarily bought for using it personally and these could be more than $40,000 (Hobart Community Legal Service Inc., 2013). The consumer law of Australia, under Section 51 states regarding the grant of title. The grant of title refers to the grant of ownership in the goods and therefore in the present situation, it was stated that the grant of the possession of the vehicle was also given. The goods which have been supplied by the supplier should be of a quality that is acceptable. If the goods are of a quality not fit for the purpose for which it was purchased then it will not be held as the good for acceptable quality. In this case, the car had been already run for 7000 kilometers. In the case of Medtel Pty Ltd v Courtney, (2003) 130 FCR 182, it was held that there lies a difference in the expectation of the fitness for a particular purpose of a good that are inexpensive and goods that are very much expensive. Whether the goods purchased meet that standard or not, has to be assessed in accordance to the information that is known at the time of the trials (Dilan, Vivi, Claudio, and Anne, 2015). In yet another case, Nesbit v Porter, (2000) 2NZLR 465, it was stated that the purpose is to be measured according to everything possibly expected out of the purchase (Michaelkeall, 2017). The standards for checking the fulfillment of the purposes should be consonant with the Section 74 D of the Trade Practices Act 1974. If the nature of the goods is not served then the goods are not of the acceptable quality. Section 55 states that the goods which are supplied carry a guarantee as to the fitness of the goods for any particular or a specific purpose for which it has been acquired. S.56 acknowledges that the goods should be related to the description for which these have been supplied (Australian Consumer and Competition Commission, 2017). According to section 57 of the consumer law, the guarantees as to the supply of goods with the help of the sample or model that has been demonstrated should be given along with the supply of the goods. Section 58 mentions the guarantee would be taking the suitable action that is to be taken by the supplier in case any damages arise. The supplier should provide the reasonable facilities for the repair of the goods. These facilities are available for a reasonable period of time after the goods have been supplied. These guarantees as stated above cannot be limited by way of a contract as mentioned in Section 64 as the contract would then be considered as void. Any term of the contract that is mentioned and excludes, modifies or alters the terms of the contract would be void and cannot be enforced (Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2017). The case, ACCC v Valve Corporation (No 3) [2016] FCA 196, at [2], was based on consumer law (Thompson, Webb, and Kuti, 2016). It was held that the exclusion of guarantees under the contract by the supplier with the intention of misleading the customer would be void (Brennan, 2014). Under Section 64 A, however, it has been mentioned that one can limit their liability under the contract; however it should be fair and reasonable to do so (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Section 260 of the Consumer Law states that the failure to comply with the guarantee would be a major failure if the goods which have been supplied are substantially unfit for purpose or if the goods do not confirm to the description given. The unconscionable bargain states that a person indulges into the unfair conduct and incorporates the terms that are not just and these terms are in favor of one party. Also these are not consonant with the equity principle of good conscience (Clarke, 2013). Application On the basis of section 3, Linyu is a consumer as she bought the vehicle for her personal use. The guarantees that have been mentioned above would be applicable in the present case. Section 54 to 58 states regarding the various guarantees that have to be fulfilled if supply of goods takes place. The car which has been sold, in the case given, is not fit for the purpose and not of acceptable quality as the gear box was not in order. In the present situation, the purpose cannot be fulfilled as the car is not fit and has been already run for 7000 kms. At the time of the purchase, this was not known to Linyu. Hence, the supplier would be held liable for the losses occurred. Also, the supplier was duty bound to provide for the facilities to the customer in case of any problem caused due to damaged goods, however this purpose was also not fulfilled. There is a guarantee of the quality of the goods. The goods are said to be of the acceptable quality if they are free from any of the defects, safe and also durable. In the present case, the vehicle is not of an acceptable quality. Its gear box was not in a working condition and already damaged. Also, the goods should be of such description which has been stated by the supplier and therefore this guarantee comes along with the supply made. The goods, as stated, must be consonant with the description otherwise these would not be fit and the supplier would be held liable for the same. This section states that a person, who sells the goods in the trade and commerce, supplies them with the guarantee that the goods would correspond to the sample which has been shown by the supplier at the time of the sale. Also the quality and condition as shown must correspond to the goods supplied. There is unconscionable bargain in the present case as the terms of the contract as incorporated by the supplier were against the good conscience. Also the supplier has majorly failed in the delivering of the goods that are fit for the purpose. There is no good conscience involved in the present dealing. The first case talks about the purpose which is shown at the time of the purchase. The same way when Linyu went to purchase the car, she was told that the car was fit for the purpose however, it was not the case. In the second case cited above it has been mentioned that the purpose should be of every kind that has to be fulfilled and is related to the supply. In the present case the main purpose that is use of the car domestically, could not be fulfilled as the car was unfit for travelling. The third case is related to the present situation as the supplier had misled Linyu by incorporating a term that worked against Linyu and in favor of the supplier (Australian Government, 2015). Conclusion Linyu being a consumer under the present case would be entitled to all the guarantees and remedies that are available to a consumer under the consumer law of Australia. References Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017. Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2 [Online] https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html Accessed on 10 January 2017. Australian Consumer and Competition Commission, 2017. Consumer guarantees [Online] https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/consumer-guarantees Accessed on 10 January 2017. Australian Government, 2015. The Australian Consumer Law - A framework overview [Online] https://consumerlaw.gov.au/files/2015/06/ACL_framework_overview.pdf Accessed on 10 January 2017. Brennan, T., 2014. The Australian Consumer Law 2010 [Online] https://www.13wentworthselbornechambers.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Brennan-australianconsumerlawbytombrennan.pdf Accessed on 10 January 2017. Clarke, J., 2013. Unconscionable Conduct [Online] https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-unconscionable.html Accessed on 10 January 2017. Dilan, T., Vivi, T., Claudio, B. and Anne, 2015. Australian Commercial Law, New South Wales: Cambridge University Press, pp. 422-423. Hobart Community Legal Service Inc., 2013. Consumer Guarantees - What you need to know [Online]https://www.hobartlegal.org.au/tasmanian-law-handbook/consumers-money-and-debts/australian-consumer-law/consumer-guarantees-what Accessed on 10 January 2017. Legal Services Commission of South Australia, 2017. Exclusion Clauses and the Australian Consumer Law [Online] https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch10s02s06s01.php Accessed on 10 January 2017. Michaelkeall, 2017. Nesbit vs. Porter [Online] https://www.michaelkeall.com/pdf/Nesbit%20v%20Porter.pdf Accessed on 10 January 2017. Thompson, D., Webb, K. and Kuti, A, 2016. ACL reach broadened as ACCC wins case against Valve Corporation [Online] https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2016/april/acl-reach-broadened-as-accc-wins-case-against-valve-corporation Accessed on 10 January 2017. Business and Corporations Law Question: Discuss about theBusiness and Corporations Law. Answer: 1 (a) Consideration The issue in this case is related with the presence of consideration. The law of contract requires that certain elements should be present in an agreement due to which the promise becomes legally enforceable and a valid contract is created. These elements are offer, acceptance, consideration, intention and capacity of the parties. In the present case, Jane had decided to give his car to Jack without any consideration while in reality; the cost of the car was $25,000. According to the law contract, an agreement can be considered as legally enforceable only if consideration is present on the part of each person entering into the contract. In this context, consideration can be described as the benefit that the parties to the contract get or spread to get under the contract. According to the law contract, past consideration cannot be treated as good consideration (Re McArdle, 1951). In the eyes of law, consideration should be something of value (Thomas v Thomas, 1842). Therefore, every valid contract is required to have consideration. However, in the present case, while Jane had promised to give his car to Jack but no consideration has been supplied by Jack in return of this promise. The effect of this situation is that in this case consideration is not present and therefore, the promise made by Jane cannot be legally enforced by Jack. (b) Elements of Valid Contract As mentioned above, a legally valid contract requires the elements of offer, acceptance and consideration apart from the intention and the capacity of the parties. In the present case, Jane had made an offer to sell her car Jack for $25,000. The market value of this car is also $25,000. Therefore, Jack accepts the offer. Under these circumstances, it can be said that the elements of offer and acceptance are present in this case. Moreover, consideration is also present in this case in the form of $25,000 that Jack had accepted to pay to Jane as the price of the car. Under the law of contract, the notion of consideration is related with the bargain of the contract. It is presumed that in case of a contract, there is an exchange of promises (White v Bluett, 1853). Therefore in case of contract, each party should be a promisor as well as a promisee. Or in other words, each party should receive a benefit under the contract and at the same time it should also suffer a detriment. Considerat ion is the name given to this benefit or detriment (Atiyah, 1986). In this case, a valid consideration is present to support the promise made by Jane and a legally enforceable contract has been created between the parties. (c) Adequacy of Contract In this question, Jane had made an offer to Jack to sell our Lotus Super 7 sports car at a price of $2500 while in reality, the market value of the car was around $25,000. As Jack had accepted the offer, the question arises if a legally enforceable contract has been created between the parties. The basic principle provided by the law contract in this regard is that generally the courts do not going to the question of the adequacy of consideration. As a result of the freedom of contract provided to the parties, it is up to the parties to decide the consideration for the promise given by them. Therefore the only requirement is that the consideration should be something of value in the eyes of law and it is not necessary that the consideration should also be adequate (Re Wragg Ltd., 1897). The consideration can be anything that has been stipulated by the promisor, unless it is not illegal. The consideration should not be illusionary, it should have some value in the eyes of law or in ot her words, it must exist. The leading case in this regard is that of Chappell v Nestle (1960) where the court stated that even empty wrappers of chocolate can be considered as valid consideration. In Chappel v Nestle (1960), the House of Lords confirmed the traditional doctrine of the law of contract. According to this doctrine, it is not essential that the consideration to be adequate and the only requirement is that they should be sufficient consideration present to support the problems. For example in this case, Chappell Co. held the copyright for Rockin Shoes and the records of this song were being offered by Nestl to the persons who sent three wrappers of the milk chocolate bars of the company along with 1s 6d. In this regard, the Copyright Act, 1956 provides that the company will have to pay a royalty of 6.25%. This loyalty is to be paid on ordinary retail selling price of the product. In this context, Nestl claimed that the ordinary retail price of the record amounted to 1s 6d. But Chappell Co. claim that the price of the record was more. Under these circumstances, the question that has to be decided was if the empty wrappers of chocolate bar can also be created as pa rt of the consideration for the records. While deciding decision, it was the opinion of the majority of the House of Lords that although the wrappers did not have any significant economic value and ultimately, Nestl was going to throw away these wrappers, still they amounted to a part of the consideration for the records. Under the common law, it is clearly provided that consideration provided for supporting a promise under the contract needs to be sufficient but it is no necessary that the consideration should also be adequate. As a result, the only requirement is that the consideration should have some value regardless of the fact that it is appropriate or not for the purpose of meeting the return of the agreement. A valid contract is created between the parties. Therefore even if the considerations supplied for the purpose of supporting the promise is not of the same value or equal value under the exchange in the agreement, however the law will consider that the consideration is sufficient if the parties to the agreement have agreed to the exchange. According to the condition of providing legal consideration, it is only required that the parties to the agreement should agree for an exchange of some consideration under the contract. An example in this regard can be given of the case titled White v B luett (1853) where the plaintiff, Bluett sued his father's will for an outstanding debt to his father. It was claimed by the 20 that his father had promised him to give an amount and in return, the plaintiff was asked to stop complaining in the future. However the court stated that such a promise to stop complaining in future cannot be considered as a real consideration. The reason behind this decision of the court was that to stop complaining did not have any economic value. Therefore, tangible consideration should be present to support the promise made in an agreement. Moreover, in view of the freedom of contract that has been provided to the parties by the law, it is up to the parties to decide whether consideration is considered to be adequate by them. It has been left to the parties to decide the adequate consideration for the promise that has been given by them under the agreement. Consequently, generally the courts do not going to the question of the adequacy of consideration. However, the issue of the adequacy of consideration can be relevant where the court is required to decide if the contract is the result of many force fraud or duress. 2.In the present case, the buyer had reluctantly agreed to pay extra US$3 million because otherwise the shipbuilder had threatened to stop the work and on the other hand, the buyer already had a charter for the tanker. Under these circumstances, the issue arises if the extra amount promised by the buyer can be recovered or not. The leading case in this regard is that of Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls Contractors) Ltd (1990) in which P had entered into a contract with D to perform some carpentry work for D. However when it was clear that P will not be able to complete the work on time, a promise was made by D to pay extra money to P in order to make sure that the work was completed on time. The reason behind this promise was that D would incur liability to a third party in case the war was not completed on time. Therefore the issue that needs to be decided in this case was if D legally bound to pay the extra amount by applying the principles of consideration under the contract la w. It was stated by the court that in this case D was liable to pay the extra amount promised by him. It was stated by the court that the extra amount can be recovered if A had entered into a contract with B regarding the supply of goods or services and before the completion of the work, B has doubts that A will be able to complete the work on time or not and under the circumstances, B makes a promise to pay additional amount in return of a promise by B that the work will be completed on time and at the same time, due to this promise, B had obtained an advantage or had obviated a disadvantage, including the liability to third-party and the promise made by B was not the result of economic duress or fraud on the part of A, it can be said that the benefit to B can be treated as a good consideration for the promise made by B. This position of law was against the decision given in Stilk v Myrick (1809) where the court stated that the promise made by the master to pay extra money to the rest of the sailors when two sailors have deserted the ship, was not legally enforceable due to the reason that there was no consideration present to support the promise made by the other party. However in Williams v Roffey Bros (1990) the Court has stated that the consideration has been provided due to the benefit that was conferred by the claimant on the defendant by helping them in avoiding the penalty clause that could have been imposed by the third-party (Trebilcock, 1993). In this case, the defendants were building contractors and they had created a contract with a housing association for refurbishing 27 flats. In this contract, there was a penalty clause according to which, the defendants will have to pay damages if the work was not completed on time. On the other hand, the defendants entered into a contract with Williams for doing the carpentry work in these flats at a price of 20,000. However after six months, Williams realized that this price was too low. The defendant also recognize that the price was low and moreover the defendant was also concerned that the work may not be completed on time. Under these circumstances, the defendant made a promise to pay an additional amount of 575 for each flat that was completed on time. But later on, the defendant refused to make these additional payment. In its defense, it was argued by the defendant that no consideration has been provided by the claimant as the claimant was already under a contractual duty t o complete the carpentry work in these flats. However, the decision of the court was that the defendant is legally bound to make the additional payment. The court noted that consideration has been provided in this case in the form of the benefit that was achieved by the defendant as the completion of work on time helped the defendant in avoiding the penalty clause that was present in its contract with the Housing Society. As a result, the defendant was held liable to make the extra payments as promised by it. Thus, it was held that the defendant was legally bound to make the extra payment promised by him. In the present case also, the bar was going to suffer the loss as he already had the charter for the tanker. Under these circumstances, it can be said that the plaintiff can recover the extra amount promised by the other party to complete the ship on time. References Atiyah, P.S. (1986)'Consideration: A Restatement' in Essays on Contract, Oxford University Press Trebilcock, M. J. (1993) The Limits of Freedom of Contract (Harvard University Press, Cambridge Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 Thomas v Thomas) (1842) 2 QB 85 White v Bluett (1853) 2 WR 75 Re Wragg Ltd [1897] 1 Ch 796 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls Contractors) Ltd (1990) 1 All ER 512 Chappell v Nestle [1960] AC 87

The Third Final Continent Themes free essay sample

Everybody feels he must get to the top. Dont expect an English cup of tea. Car horns, shrill and prolonged, blared one after another. Flashing sirens heralded endless emergencies, and a fleet of buses rambled past their doors opening and closing with a powerful hiss, throughout the night. The noise was constantly distracting, at times suffocating. ) The Indian immigrants fear of losing his own culture. In 1969, when I was thirty- six years old, my own marriage was arranged. The fact that he had an arranged marriage proves he doesnt want to lose his culture and go the Western way. 3) The methods of steps of copying to a new culture and a new life in America. In a week I had adjusted, more or less. I ate cornflakes and milk morning and night, and bought some bananas for variety, slicing them into the bowl with the edge of my spoon. We will write a custom essay sample on The Third Final Continent Themes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition I bought tea bags and a flask, which the salesman in Woolworths eferred to as a thermos (a flask, he informed me, was used to store whiskey, another thing I had never consumed). For the price of one cup of tea at a coffee shop, I filled the flask with boiling water on the way to work each morning, and brewed the four cups I drank in the course of the day. I bought a larger carton of milk, and learned to leave it on the shaded part of the windowsill, as I had seen other residents at the YMCA do. To pass the time in the evenings I read the Boston Globe downstairs, in a spacious room with stained-glass windows. I read every article and advertisement, so that I would grow familiar with things, and when my eyes grew tired I slept. Questions 1) Explain how the narrators last visit to Mrs. Croft is significant. Give two reasons. Support your answer with the phrases/words. The narrator and his wife, Mala, had visited Mrs. Croft one last time. During this visit, Mrs. Croft acted as an icebreaker. She broke the tension between Mala and the narrator. Ever since Mala arrived, the narrator saw her as a part of his life, a duty. At the visit, Mrs. Croft asked the narrator question, which led to him answering with, Splendid! This caused Mala to laugh and Mrs. Croft wondered who she was. After a slight introduction, Mrs. Croft replied with, She is a perfect lady! causing Mala and the narrator to look at each other and smile. The moment with Mrs. Croft, was described by the narrator as the moment when the distance between Mala and me began to lessen. 2) Explain the title of the short story. The title shows that the narrator could survive life on three continents, while adapting perfectly. This title means to show readers that feats can be accomplished f they are set out to be. If the narrator could survive on three continents, then people for the narrator to finally adapt in America. 3) Depict how the narrators relationship with Mala evolved. The writers relationship with Mala first started out as tense. He felt that his marriage was like a job, something he had to wake up to and live with for the rest of his day till he went to sleep, and the cycle continued for as long as they were married. There was no feeling or love, it was Just a step taken by Indians in order to feel secure in their lives. It was their sense of security in the world, and marriage was their way of dealing. When Mrs. Croft exclaimed that Mala was a perfect lady I think both the narrator and Mala realized that if Mrs. Croft could learn to accept something new so quickly, then they could learn to embrace a new relationship. And so, the eventually fell in love, gotten used to each other, and led a happy marriage with a son who lived up to his Bengali parents expectations which sticking to the Indian culture, even all the way at Harvard.

Summary of 1st phone call from heaven Essays

Summary of 1st phone call from heaven Essays Summary of 1st phone call from heaven Paper Summary of 1st phone call from heaven Paper The first phone call from heaven tells the story of a small town called Coldwater, Michigan. The story begins when one Friday a number of people started receiving a call from their loved ones who have already died saying that life after death is wonderful, that they are happy in heaven . Tess is contacted by her mother whom she had nursed during her illness, Katherine received a call from her sister to whom she had been so close until her death from an aneurysm, Elias Rowe is phoned by a man who blames him for his death, and Jack, the chief of police is contacted by Robbie, his son who got killed in Afghanistan. At first, those people who are receiving the calls hesitated to share the news with others for fear of mockery. Until, Katherine Yellin announces on their church congregation that she is receiving a call from her dead sister. The news spread instantly, some are convinced it’s a miracle, some said it’s a hoax but whatever it is made Coldwater the center of media and people’s attention. People are drawn to this town to be a part of this miraculous phenomenon. National news reporters are sent in to cover the story. The police force is increased to maintain order among the supporters and protesters and also phone demands increased. One man named Sully Harding, recently lost his wife and struggling to be a father to a young son, strongly believes that there is no such thing as miracle and it hurts him seeing his son, Jules waiting and hoping that his mother will call him soon. Driven by this event, Sully is determined to prove whether these â€Å"phone calls from heaven† is true or not. He begins to investigate on his own, Sully, working for a newspaper business, finds that working on print business provide access to information that just might find the missing link that ties all these phone calls together. It involves cell phone carriers, amount of time since death, and a few other things that are too similar to ignore. With the help of Elias Rowe and the young girl from town’s library, he learns a couple of facts that the calls only come in on Friday, and each recipient happens to have the same cell phone plan. Something isn’t right and Sully didn’t stop investigating until he figures out what it is. Sully soon uncovered the surprising truth, he learned that the calls that other people are receiving has connection on what happened the day his wife died. Sully was in the air force, he was flying in a fighter jet when he decided to make a pit stop to visit his wife. Upon landing on the airport he was given a poor flight instruction by a young traffic controller on a bad mood. Due to this poor instruction Sully’s plane collided with a small Cessna resulting on accident and deaths. Sully’s wife, Giselle, was speeding to the airport when he saw the smoke from the accident and panicked and the air traffic controller who causes the accident sped away and crashed on Sully’s wife that results death for both of them. The father of deceased air traffic controller, Elliot Gray, has military intelligence experience that he was able to destroy all the data that would have implication to his son, and put all the blame on Sully, causing his imprisonment. Afterwards, the father of the dead controller accessed voicemails of different people in order to put together words and phrases that would make it seem like a call from their loved ones from heaven. The call is actually aimed for Sully, it is out of guilt for the death of Giselle but he never got the call. After Sully confronts the perpetrator, he sped away from the perpetrator’s home with the news about the hoax but the snowstorm sent him off the road and onto the frozen lake. Then, his phone rang, it was Giselle, his wife telling him to get out of the car because the car is going to plunge in the ice. Sully did so just in time. Then, laying on the snowbank, he heard the siren of an ambulance. Someone had called 911, he was brought in the hospital and after he spoke with the chief police officer. He learned that the Horace called in the station saying that there is a dead man at his property and when the police arrived that dead man was Elliot Gray himself. At the end of the story, Sully has proven that the â€Å"phone calls from heaven† are hoax. Thus, when he thought that it was Giselle’s voice Elliot last manipulated he scrolls his phone and check the unknown number which he heard Giselle’s voice on the car accident and realized that the call was made an hour after Elliot’s death. Sully realized that after all, he got a real phone call from heaven.

Employees should decide on what information to surrender to employers Essay

Employees should decide on what information to surrender to employers - Essay Example According to Ferdinand Schoeman â€Å"A person has privacy to the extent that others have limited access to information about him, limited access to the intimacies of his life, or limited access to his thoughts or his body† Privacy encompasses the body, mind and possessions (Persson & Hansson, 2003). Employment is an individual’s source of livelihood. An individual, from the time of his or her application for work up to the moment of employment is required by the employer to provide personal information. The employer determines which information the employee should divulge. Not supplying certain data may mean termination from work. An applicant for a position may even be excluded from the list of qualified candidates by not providing the information asked by the employer. But should the employers determine which type of information the employees should reveal to the employer or the former have the right to do so. Requiring a worker to reveal personal information would b e tantamount to a transgression of the privacy of the person if not work related. Employers, on the other hand, can insist that they have the right to require some information since they have to know more about the person they are hiring to work for them. Through such information, they can determine if their interest and investments would be safe from such person. Infringement into the privacy of an employee involves an ethical and legal issue. The Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution explicitly guarantees the right of people to be â€Å"secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures† (Doyle, 2010, p. 2). Intrusion into the privacy of an employee must be justified from the start and related to the subject of the intrusion that would warrant the justification (Narducci v. Moore, 2009, as cited in Doyle, 2010). Sources of Information There are many types of information that can be taken from an individual. The usual procedure in getting information from an individual is through a form that asked for simple data such as the name of the applicant, address or status. Usually, a job applicant has to fill all the blanks that require specific information, otherwise the application will not be entertained. The employer may use these data for the background investigation of the applicant prior to hiring. Persson and Hansson (2003) mentioned three other sources of information, which are drug testing, genetic testing and surveillance, all of which are related to privacy issue. Genetic testing has two forms, genetic screening (which identifies â€Å"possible genetic predispositions† to diseases caused by chemicals) and genetic monitoring (which identifies diseases that resulted from chemical exposure in the work area) (Persson & Hansson, 2003, p. 59). Genetic testing may result to a social stigma although the employee does not actually develop the disease (Brady, 1995, as cited in Persson & Hansson, 2003). An individual can also be subjected to the â€Å"Hitler mentality† wherein those who do not fit the perfect race concept will become outcast in society (Brady, 1995, p. 52, as cited in Persson & Hansson, 2003, p. 60). Other information may not be as permanent as the genetic code, such as the personal items brought into the office, or the movement of the employee within the company premises. The latter case will fall under the third category mentioned by Persson and Hansson (2003), which is surveillance. The â€Å"smart† ID badges, for instance, can track down the whereabouts of a person anywhere within the building (Persson & Hansson, 2003). Tracking an employee while answering the call of nature would be irrelevant for the employer. And at that moment, the employee

Offer and Acceptance. Intension to Create Legal Relations Essay

Offer and Acceptance. Intension to Create Legal Relations - Essay Example A survey was conducted and thus it objectively appears that the offer was genuine and that Belinda believed that the offer was genuine. The offer and acceptance also appear to meet the requirement that a valid acceptance must mirror the terms of the offer.3 On the facts of the case for discussion, Belinda accepted Tom’s offer as they were presented to her. Therefore it can be argued that a valid offer and acceptance was made. The question is therefore whether or not Belinda was free to withdraw her acceptance. Only if the acceptance was subject to the condition that Belinda receives a satisfactory survey would allow her to withdraw her acceptance. However the condition must be clearly stated as a prerequisite for acceptance.4 Based on the facts of the case for discussion, the offer and acceptance were both unconditional. Given that the offer and acceptance were both made pursuant to the common law rules for valid offer and acceptance, Belinda has entered into legally binding c ontract with Tom. ... There is a presumption however, that agreements between social and family groups are not generally binding contracts.6 In Balfour v Balfour, it was held however, that where there are arrangements and agreements between close members of a social or family group, the presumption that there is no intention to create legal relations is a rebuttable presumption.7 The presumption can be rebutted by evidence to the contrary.8 The loan syndicate between Matt, Mark, Luke and Jon is arguably an arrangement between a close social group as they are colleagues and the arrangement has nothing to do with their work. The presumption that as a social group there is no intention to create legal relations can be rebutted if it can be shown that by joining the syndicate and trusting the ticket purchases and collection of winnings to another member of the syndicate, the parties were putting themselves at a disadvantage. The disadvantage arises because, they could have purchased the winning lottery ticket themselves and collected their own winnings. It was held in Parker v Clark that the presumption can be rebutted where a party to the agreement is disadvantaged by the agreement.9 A similar arrangement occurred in Simpkins v Pays. In this case, a woman together with her granddaughter and tenant agreed to enter a competition as one entrant under the woman’s name and that any winnings would be shared between them. However, when the woman collected the winnings she decided against paying the tenant a share of the receipts. It was held that when the parties shared the competition fee there was an intention to create legal relations and thus there was a legally binding contract.10 It

English Banking Law Essay Example for Free

English Banking Law Essay INTRODUCTION: There are three types of cheque frauds exists in UK viz. forged, counterfeit and fraudulently altered cheque fraud. In 2005, the cheque fraud in U.K was estimated about  £ 40.3 million – a 13% decrease from the 2004 total of  £ 46.2 million. The earlier year figures also revealed a steady increase totaling  £ 36million in 2002 and  £ 45million in 2003.In U.K during 2005, counterfeit cheque fraud was estimated at  £ 3.23m, forged cheques fraud was estimated at  £ 30.9 m in 2005 and fraudulently altered cheque fraud was estimated at  £ 6.2 millions. SOURCE: FRAUD FACTS -2006 APACS- UK This paper studies the various protections available to banks and customers when using cheques as opposed to cards, as method of payment. PROTECTION AVAILABLE TO CHEQUE PAYMENTS UNDER BILL OF EXCHANGE ACT, 1882, UK (BEA) AND CHEQUES ACT 1957 Under Bill of Exchange Act, 1882, under section 81 A, a non-transferable cheques has been defined as follows†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"81 A (1). Where as cheques is crossed and bears across its face the words ‘account payee’ or a/c either with or without the word ‘only’, the cheques shall not be transferable but shall only be valid as between the parties thereto. (2) A banker is not to be treated for the purpose of section 80 above as having been negligent by reasons only of his failure to concern himself with any purported endorsement of a cheque which under subsection (1) above or otherwise is not transferable. (Cheques Act, 1992). One risk associated with the cheques bearing forged or unauthorized endorsements’. However protection is available under the English Bills of exchange Act, (BEA, or the Act). Under BEA, a legitimate holder of a cheques payable to bearer attain a good title to the instrument overcoming thereby any adverse claim of ownership that might have been hold good against his predecessor. Accordingly, the payment by the drawee bank to those acquirers discharges the cheques as well as the drawer’s engagement thereon so as to permit the drawee bank to debit the drawee’s account. But this is not applicable to cheques payable to order. In the case of payable to order cheques, effect of an unauthorised or an absence of endorsement or forged endorsement shall have to be looked into under the circumstances of forged endorsements. One of the ways to prevent forged endorsement or loss due to stolen cheques is to use crossed cheques or cheques payable in account. Cheques crossing are available under the BEA, UK. The crossed cheques requires to deposit the cheques into account rather than payable to bearer does not reallocate the cheques theft losses but it minimizes the loss and thus benefits the party on whom the loss falls. Further the losses arose due to stolen cheques or loss cheques payable to bearer fall on the dispossessed owner under BEA. Thus under BEA , reallocation of loss away from dispossessed owner may not be successful in case of crossed cheques payable to bearer as the onerous shifted to bank for its negligence. If a bank has acted in good faith and it is protected under BEA for the payment made to open cheques to bearer.    In the case of crossed cheques, if the bank seeks protection, it should have acted without negligence and in good faith. Under BEA, if forged endorsement losses fall on the taker from the forger who is naturally a bank. Further, the cheques payable to the order under the BEA, loss reduction thus seems to be mainly advantageous to the collecting bank. Further the collecting bankers of the crossed cheques are protected under the BEA over forged endorsements as long as they acted in good faith and without negligence. Further under BEA, the drawee bank is protected and this shifts the reallocation of forged endorsement losses to the first innocent party prior to the collecting bank.   Where the one who grabbed the payment through a bank account was the conman, such innocent party is construed to be dispossessed owner. Thus the crossing has reassigned the loss to the dispossessed owner, thus excluding the collecting bank that took the cheque from the conman. Thus under BEA, protection is available to banking channel had they acted in good faith and without negligence even in case of crossed cheques .If an open or crossed stolen cheque has been collected by or paid to the conman , the loss is assigned to the dispossessed owner .Under UK laws , where a cheque is payable to order is collected or paid over a forged endorsement for or to a non-bank situated in the chain of title subsequent to the conman, loss is assigned to the non-bank from that of the conman. This is apart from of whether the cheque was collected for or paid to the innocent taker from the conman or someone obtaining title from the conman despite of crossing.   Where the cheque is crossed and it has to be paid into a bank account and then only it can be encashed as it will be convenient for the dispossessed owner to trace that person and assign the loss to him. Thus the crossing of cheque becomes more helpful to the true owner. However thus the innocent endorser has to bear the loss as the benefit is not in the reallocation of losses. The best example of the above is the Nigerian gangsters operating in UK and taking the gullible students who are in the poverty to carry out cheque fraud worth  £ 50 million a year. These Nigerians conman recruit poor students with promises of good cash reward for just providing the conman with their bank account particulars. By using stolen corporate cheque books, they then deposit huge amount of British pounds through the accounts. No sooner the account is credited with the collection amount from the fraudulent cheques, the account will be emptied before the firm or bank realizes what has happened. The major lion’s share goes to the conman and only a very meager amount goes to the innocent, poor student who has provided the bank account number to the conman. When the fraud comes to light due to alerting by the bank to the police, it is the poor, innocent student who will become the scapegoat. The conman mainly selects the students from Camden in North London where thousands of students from the capital’s universities congregate. Conman liberally offer them up to  £ 5000 for doing nothing. Then the conman approaches an insider who is working in the royal mail and induces them to steal a company’s cheque book. Then the conman visits the company office to collect the director’s signature from the dustbin and thus they scrupulously copy the same in writing the bogus cheques.   Thus the conman had a fortune by sharing a lion’s share in the booty leaving the innocent, poor account holder to face police and possible fraud investigation.[i] Banks and building society’s in UK from September 2006 onwards is not to accept the cheques that are issued in favour of the banks itself in a move to avoid frauds. Bank is to insist to issue the cheques payable to an individual or to include the individual’s name on the payee line after the name of the institution. This strategy is mainly designed to ensure that the money lands in the right account and to bring to an end to cheque fraud which reached to a height of  £46.2 million in 2004 which includes counterfeit and stolen cheques. This modification is being launched following a case in which an independent financial advisor informed his clients to draw cheques out to the financial institutions where the money was going to be invested. He then paid them in to his own account, rather than the customers account.[ii] Under the BEA , there is a provision with a bill containing words prohibiting transfer or indicating an intension that it should not be transferable and these instruments is termed as ‘ not negotiable’. As such these instruments can not be negotiated by the payee to another holder. In UK, an account payee or a/c payee and with or without the words only can be encashed only by the account holder and thus it can not be encashed other wise than by an endorsement. Further, under the BEA, the consequence of an unauthorised or forged assignment is similar to that of forged endorsement as both do not convey title. Under BEA, in there is no acceptance, the drawee can not be held liable on the instrument and it does not exclude in tort or in receipt of money provided elements of such liability are present. If the drawer has given sufficient notice well in advance informing the drawee about the forged endorsement and the remedy available to the drawer against drawee for the forged endorsement is under contract and this arises regardless of any particular provision of the BEA. Further under BEA , no remedies is specified for the misappropriation under forged endorsement but the injured can avail the common law remedies for the embezzlement of property in chattels generally rather than stipulating specific recourse to the true owner of misappropriated cheques. Further the loss of cheque does not forfeit the action on it under the BEA. Under BEA, no title is passed on under the forged endorsements and one who derives the title under forged endorsement can not enforce payments against a prior party to the forgery. Further no payment is made under due course so as to discharge the cheque and to preclude drawee’s liability against the drawer. Thus the original owner from whom the cheque was stolen and forged inherits the right to and on the cheque and he has a right to sue for the wrongful interference with his rights. Further under BEA, an endorser is barred from refuting the authenticity and promptness of all previous endorsements and at the time of endorsement, he had a good title and this denial will be advantageous for the holder in due course later. Further under BEA, the drawee bank can base its reliance on laws governing mistake and restitution for the payment made over a forged endorsement. Further, under BEA provisions, true owner may recover on the lost cheque from any party prior to the falsification till up to the drawer. Under BEA, cheques payable to fictitious or non existing persons is deemed to payable to the bearer. A collecting bank can not be held responsible for payment made to a thief if it is drawn on fictitious name and if they have acted in good faith which absolves the collecting from its liability. In Fok Cheong Shing Investments v. Bank of Nova Scotia, the president of the drawer who turned to be the authorised signatory of the company issued a cheque to a real person with an intention for misappropriation. The loss was allocated to the drawer under the fictious payee provision. Thus the drawee bank is being protected under the BEA if it has paid a cheque over forged endorsement in the ordinary course of business under good faith. Thus the statutory protection is extended to the collecting bank which collects in good faith and without negligence a cheque bearing a forged endorsement. S 60 of the BEA does not warrant that drawee bank should act with out negligence. However one may assume that a bank has to act without negligence in the ordinary course of business. The UK Review Committee on Banking Services Law and Practice considered provisions ss.60, 80 and s.1 of the Cheques Act 1957. The committed recommended to combine these provisions under single enactment so that statutory protection may be extended to a paying bank acting in ’good faith’ and without negligence. Both the s 82 and s.1 of the Bills of exchange (crossed cheques) Act were repealed by the Cheques Act 1957 in UK which mainly extended the protection to open cheques and other payments documents. In UK, the drawee is primarily liable to payment, the endorser is liable secondly and the drawer is the ultimately liable to payment upon dishonor. Not withstanding this, the drawer and the endorser may sign without recourse. The United Nations Convention on international Bills of exchange and International Bills of Exchange and International promissory notes , 1988( UNCITRAL Convention) specifies that the drawer may exclude his own liability for acceptance or deferment by an express stipulation in the Bill. Such stipulation will hold of use only where another party is or becomes liable on the bill. PROTECTION AVAILABLE TO PAYING BANK: Section 24 of the BEA states that a forged signature is no signature. In Brown v Westminster Bank (1964), the estoppel caused from the misleading facts from the client. In this case , the bank has reminded a old lady , the customer against the veracity of the signature as her signature was forged more than in 300 cheques and in turn she certified that the signature was her own.   When the bank was sued by her son later, it was held that bank was not liable and they were estopped from denying the genuineness of the cheques. In Tai Cotton Mills Ltd v Liu Chong Hing bank (1985), it was held in this case that a customer of a bank needs to check his bank statement to keep on watch that the forged cheques were processed. The bank’s express condition to the contrary in the contract with customer can absolve the banks from the wrongful debit. Like wise if a bank pays a cheque in breach of a mandate by oversight, it has the right of subrogation and the bank has the right to take the possession of a title or good that it effectively paid for. PROTECTION IN THE CASE OF CONVERSION: It is not necessary for the bank to check every endorsement on the cheque and it would be time consuming and onerous to do so. So as to assuage the liability of banks, BEA (1882) and the Cheques Act (1959) offer defense for the paying bank. Bank of Ireland v Hollicourt (Contracts) limited (2000) EWCA Cir 263. A suit was filed against a bank which continued to pay on cheques against the company’s bank account even after filing of a petition for bankruptcy. It was held that the bank had acted as an agent and didn’t have any beneficial interest and the legislation made the disposition void but that did not operate the way claimed. Roger Smith and Christopher Trimothy Esmond Hayward and Lloyds Bank TSB; Harvey Jones Ltd and Woolwich Plc (2000). Where a cheque has been misused falsely to change the name of the payee, then the piece of paper can not be termed as a cheque and an action for alteration against the collecting or paying bank will stand only as the nominal value of the paper and not as to the face value. As the material alteration was carried out with out assent of any one but the fraudster and under the bill is avoided save against a party consenting or making to the alteration. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHILE WRITING A CHEQUE: Write clearly the name of person in whose favour your are writing a cheque with additional information like Dr, Er, his shop name or company name etc. From September 2006 on wards whenever you issue a cheque to UK building society or to a bank, add additional information other than the name of the bank or society like account no, bank branch name etc. To prevent fraudsters to add words in the empty blank space available in the written cheque, it is always better to draw a line through unused spaces. Don’t pre sign blank cheques and also try to fill all the details like full name, amount in figures and words and don’t issue undated cheques. Always issue ‘account payee only ‘crossed cheques’ to avoid any frauds. CREDIT CARD CHEQUES: These cheques have been issued as an additional facility on credit card accounts for the last 10 years in UK. These are similar to the normal bank account cheques and can be deployed for the same purpose. During 2004 , about 3.4m credit cheques have been issued which constitute a very little percentage (2%) as opposed to overall number of credit card in operation which totaled to 1.727 billion in the UK according to APACS , the UK payment association. The credit card cheques are likely to bounce in most of the cases if credit limit has been crossed. These credit card cheques are utilised for high value transactions ranging from  £ 850 as against  £ 58 for a UK credit card purchases and  £ 120 for payment of a personal cheque. In credit card cheques, the customer need not ask for the cheques from the credit card issuer but they are issued at the discretion of the card provider and there are different terms and conditions applicable to transaction done through credit cards cheques as compared with a credit card and this is being unaware by the most of the customers. One of the disadvantages is the fraud that is prevalent in the credit card cheques as the most of the issuer are forwarding it to their customers on discretionary basis. These credit card cheques are vulnerable to fraudulent activities as most of the customers do not aware that credit card cheques have been dispatched to them. In the case of these credit card frauds, lender has to bear the losses rather than customer. CREDIT CARD FRAUDS: Credit and debit card frauds cost  £ 400 m during 2004 and devise deployed by the fraudsters have become sophisticated.One of the remedy is to insure against the ID theft. Some insurance company offer it as free adds on with home insurance policy. One of the protection for the prevention of credit card frauds   is the introduction of new industry standard namely ‘Chip and Pin† which required implanting a microchip inside the credit and debit card and mandates that consumers key in a secrete four-digit personal identification number to complete a transaction using the card. As the result the consumers deceived by the fraudsters are on the decrease in UK. [i] Dan Evans, â€Å"Gang’s Pounds 50m stolen cheque racket ‘, Sunday Mirror, Jan, 12, 2003. [ii] â€Å"Banks put checks on Cheques in new bid to beat pounds 46 million fraud, The Birmingham post, December 8, 2005, page 24. Check Your Balance before the Match. The News Letter (Belfast, Northern Ireland) : 11 Cheques in the Post-Mortem. The Birmingham Post (England) 21 Jan. 2006: 27. Cheques to Be Stubbed Out. After 350 YEARS; Signed and Sealed. The Mirror (London, England) 10 Nov. 2004: 1. Fraud Bill Shock. Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England) 31 Jan. 2006: 2. Ghost Workers Help Fraud to Soar. Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales) 2 Feb. 2005: 6. King of the Cons. The Mirror (London, England) 11 Jan. 2005: 10. Postman Given Asylum Plundered [Pounds Sterling] 20million. The Daily Mail (London, England) 21 Dec. 2005: 17. Store Bans Slowcoach Cheques to Speed Checkouts. Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales) 3 Apr. 2006: 4. Sally Ramage Dabydeen, â€Å"Legal and Regulatory Frame work â€Å"iUniverse, 2004.

Mr Collins: Character Review :: Free Essay Writer

Mr Collins: Character Review We first hear of Mr Collins, one of Mr Bennet’s distant cousins, in a letter addressed to the family living in the house which after Mr Bennet’s death will become his own. In this letter he sounds very pompous, irrelevantly reiterating and repeating the name of his patron, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr Collins is honest that he has an ulterior motive for wanting to stay at Longbourn: he wishes to take the hand of one of the Bennet sisters in a marriage which would ensure that at least one daughter of Mr Bennet would remain comfortable, living at Longbourn as ‘Mrs Collins’. He does not ask to stay at Longbourn, he expects his stay to be welcomed, and even desired, by the Bennet family. â€Å"I remain, dear sir, with respectful compliments to your lady and daughter†: this quote shows how ingratiating Mr Collins is: a side of his character which the reader sees more readily during the rest of the novel. Having previously thought Mr Collins was an â€Å"odious man†, Mrs Bennet is quick to change her mind after Mr Collins made compliments towards her daughter (and herself) in the letter. Upon arrival at Longbourn Mr Collins assures that â€Å"the young ladies I come prepared to admire†. The word ‘prepared’ in this quote gives the implication that Mr Collins does nothing in a rash manner and has everything planned in what appears to be quite a sly way. Once inside the house Mr Collins begins to commend each and every item of furniture within it. Mrs Bennet would on any other occasion have been delighted at this, but she knows that when Mr Collins entails the estate all that he admires will be his own. Mr Collins believes that by ingratiating Mrs Bennet about her house he will please her, but this begins to vex her a fair deal. â€Å"The girls were not the only objects of Mr Collins desire†, here we can see that Mr Collins views the girls as nothing more than materialistic, as objects. By the evening, Mr Collins is getting somewhat tiresome as he â€Å"eloquently praises† his patron, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, with great vivacity and unstoppable determination. â€Å"Lady Catherine was reckoned proud by many people†; Mr Collins cannot see that Lady Catherine is proud because he is proud himself and rates Lady Catherine very highly: perhaps high enough to warrant a little, or is Lady Catherine’s case a lot, of pride.

Harvard Referencing

The Harvard referencing system It is important that you identify in your assessment when you are using the words or ideas of another author. The most accepted way of acknowledging the work of another author is to use a referencing system. It is important that you write down the details of your sources as you study. When taking notes, use a separate page for each new book, journal article, or electronic source. At the top of each page, clearly record the following information for future reference. For books, record: * The author’s or editor’s name (or names) * The year the book was published * The title of the book If it is an edition other than the first * The city the book was published in * The name of the publisher For journal articles record: * The author’s name or names * The year in which the journal was published * The title of the article * The title of the journal * The page number/s of the article in the journal * As much other information as you can fi nd about the journal, for example the volume and issue numbers For electronic resources, try to collect the information on the left if it is available, but also record: * The date you accessed the source * The electronic address or email The type of electronic resource (email, discussion forum, WWW page, etc) Whenever you use someone else’s ideas or words, you must put in a reference. Direct quotations – this is when you copy another author’s material word-for-word. You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used (â€Å") but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (‘). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the author’s words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make.An example for direct quote from a book or journal article with one author: When organising our time, Adair (1988: 51) sta tes that ‘the centerpiece will tend to be goals and objectives’. OR When organising our time ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). When you take another author’s ideas and put them into your own words. You are still copying someone else’s work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information.All of the sources you refer to in the main body of your assignment need to be listed at the end of the assignment in a reference list. When creating a reference list, the sources should be listed alphabetically by author’s surname, but when the author is anonymous or unknown for any one source, insert that source in the alphabetical list using the title of the source instead of the author’s name. All sources should be listed together; there should not be separate lists for books versus journal articles versus electronic sources.The reference list should be on a separate page from the rest of the assignment and should be simply titled ‘References’ and the title should be in the same font and size as the other headings in your assignment. When you use the Harvard System, you are only usually required to produce a reference list. It is generally important in the text of an assignment to show the reader the author’s name, date of publication and page numbers of the original source. In the reference list, it is important that the author’s name, the year of publication, relevant titles, and other access information is faithfully reproduced.Department of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series http://education. exeter. ac. uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_referencing. htm Central Queensland University ESLS Unit (2001) Referencing: The Harvard referencing system, [Online], Available: http://www. cqu. edu. au/edserv/undegrad/clc/content/resources. htm [14 Aug 2001] Lewis, D. (ed. ) (1999) The written assignment, Brisbane: QUT Publications. Wells, D. (2001) Harvard referencing, [Online], Available: http://lisweb. curtin. edu. au/guides/handouts/harvard. html [14 Aug 2001].