Harvard Referencing

The Harvard referencing system It is important that you identify in your assessment when you are using the words or ideas of another author. The most accepted way of acknowledging the work of another author is to use a referencing system. It is important that you write down the details of your sources as you study. When taking notes, use a separate page for each new book, journal article, or electronic source. At the top of each page, clearly record the following information for future reference. For books, record: * The author’s or editor’s name (or names) * The year the book was published * The title of the book If it is an edition other than the first * The city the book was published in * The name of the publisher For journal articles record: * The author’s name or names * The year in which the journal was published * The title of the article * The title of the journal * The page number/s of the article in the journal * As much other information as you can fi nd about the journal, for example the volume and issue numbers For electronic resources, try to collect the information on the left if it is available, but also record: * The date you accessed the source * The electronic address or email The type of electronic resource (email, discussion forum, WWW page, etc) Whenever you use someone else’s ideas or words, you must put in a reference. Direct quotations – this is when you copy another author’s material word-for-word. You should show the reader that it is a direct quote by placing the material in inverted commas. Traditionally, double inverted commas have been used (â€Å") but it is now acceptable, and preferable to use single inverted commas (‘). Sometimes it is difficult to avoid the direct quotation as the author’s words may precisely describe the point you are trying to make.An example for direct quote from a book or journal article with one author: When organising our time, Adair (1988: 51) sta tes that ‘the centerpiece will tend to be goals and objectives’. OR When organising our time ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). When you take another author’s ideas and put them into your own words. You are still copying someone else’s work, so you must reference it. You do not need to use inverted commas when you paraphrase, but you must clearly show the reader the original source of your information.All of the sources you refer to in the main body of your assignment need to be listed at the end of the assignment in a reference list. When creating a reference list, the sources should be listed alphabetically by author’s surname, but when the author is anonymous or unknown for any one source, insert that source in the alphabetical list using the title of the source instead of the author’s name. All sources should be listed together; there should not be separate lists for books versus journal articles versus electronic sources.The reference list should be on a separate page from the rest of the assignment and should be simply titled ‘References’ and the title should be in the same font and size as the other headings in your assignment. When you use the Harvard System, you are only usually required to produce a reference list. It is generally important in the text of an assignment to show the reader the author’s name, date of publication and page numbers of the original source. In the reference list, it is important that the author’s name, the year of publication, relevant titles, and other access information is faithfully reproduced.Department of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series http://education. exeter. ac. uk/dll/studyskills/harvard_referencing. htm Central Queensland University ESLS Unit (2001) Referencing: The Harvard referencing system, [Online], Available: http://www. cqu. edu. au/edserv/undegrad/clc/content/resources. htm [14 Aug 2001] Lewis, D. (ed. ) (1999) The written assignment, Brisbane: QUT Publications. Wells, D. (2001) Harvard referencing, [Online], Available: http://lisweb. curtin. edu. au/guides/handouts/harvard. html [14 Aug 2001].

Andromeda Was a Legendary Princess in Greek Mythology

Today we know of Andromeda as a galaxy, as the Andromeda Nebula, or as the Andromeda constellation located near the Pegasus constellation. There are also movies/TV programs bearing the name of this ancient princess. In the context of ancient history, she is a princess featured in the heroic Greek legends. Who Was Andromeda? Andromeda had the misfortune to be the daughter of the vain Cassiopeia, wife of King Cepheus of Ethiopia. As a result of Cassiopeias boast that she was as beautiful as the Nereids (sea nymphs), Poseidon (sea god) sent a great sea monster to ravage the coastline. An oracle told the king that the only way to get rid of the sea monster was to surrender his virgin daughter Andromeda to the sea monster; so he did, much as happened in the Roman story of Cupid and Psyche. King Cepheus chained Andromeda to a rock in the sea where the hero saw her. Perseus was still wearing the winged sandals of Hermes that he had used in the task of carefully decapitating Medusa while watching what he was doing only through a mirror. He asked what had happened to Andromeda, then when he heard, he promptly offered to rescue her by killing the sea monster, but on condition that her parents give her to him in marriage. With her safety uppermost in their minds, they instantly agreed. And so Perseus slew the monster, unchained the princess and brought Andromeda back to her many-relieved parents. The Wedding of Andromeda and Perseus Afterward, however, during wedding preparations, the happy celebrating proved premature. Andromedas fiance -- the one from before her enchaining, Phineus, showed up demanding his bride. Perseus argued that the surrender-to-her-death had invalidated the contract (and if he had really wanted her, why hadnt he slain the monster?). Then since his non-violent technique failed to persuade Phineus to gracefully bow out, Perseus pulled out the head of Medusa to show his rival. Perseus knew better than to watch what he was doing, but his rival didnt, and so, like many others, Phineus was instantly lithified. Perseus would go on to found Mycenae where Andromeda would be queen, but first, she gave birth to their first son Perses, who stayed behind to rule when his grandfather died. (Perses is considered the eponymous father of the Persians.) Perseus and Andromedas children were sons, Perses, Alcaeus, Sthenelus, Heleus, Mestor, Electryon, and a daughter, Gorgophone. After her death, Andromeda was placed among the stars as the Andromeda constellation. The monster who was sent to ravage Ethiopia was also turned into a constellation, Cetus. Pronunciation: Ã ¦n.dra.mÉ ª.dÉ™ Examples: Andromeda was the name of a TV series by Gene Roddenberry, starring Kevin Sorbo, the actor who played Hercules in the TV series. This is interesting because Andromeda was Hercules great grandmother.

The Ethical Dilemma Of Abc Essay - 2006 Words

FACTS Luke is an employee at ABC, and has been asked to work on a project that involves developing land that has been recently purchased to build an adult entertainment retail store. The land that ABC is purchasing is a plot of land located on the corner of the same neighborhood that Luke’s brother Owen lives in. The plans for the development of this land will remain private for one month. Once the plans are announced publicly, Luke knows that his brother’s property values will decrease significantly. Luke’s brother just received a modest offer on his home, but is thinking about declining the offer, as he has no reason to believe that the property value will not increase in the coming years. ISSUES Should Luke notify his brother of the plans, so that Owen can sell his home in advance of the publicly announced plans and subsequent property devaluation, or should Luke abide to his obligations to ABC by keeping the plans confidential until the official public announcement? The ethical dilemma faced is complex, as Luke has to choose to be loyal to his brother, or loyal to the company at which he works. Luke’s personal ethics, and business ethics are in conflict in this situation. Which set of ethics should Luke abide to? †¢ What if Luke does not volunteer the information? What if his brother directly asks for his advice on whether to accept the offer on his house? If he answers using the information that he has, would that still be a direct breach of contract with hisShow MoreRelatedLuke s Ethical Dilemma Of An Adult Entertainment Store On A Land Purchased By Abc2000 Words   |  8 PagesLuke’s ethical dilemma Fact Luke has been assigned by his company, ABC to work on a project that involves the construction of an adult entertainment store on a land purchased by ABC and close to a residential neighborhood where Luke’s brother, Owen lives. 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The Department of Ethics needs to help Luke decide to whether, obey his commencement with ABC Company and keepRead MoreBusiness Law Ethics716 Words   |  3 PagesFacts Luke, an ABC employee, is currently working on a land development project consisting of building an adult entertainment store in a neighborhood where Luke’s brother, Owen, lives. Luke knows that Owen has been considering selling his home but that he is putting it off expecting the real estate market to improve in a few years, yet Luke knows that the project will cause the opposite effect. Issue Luke’s ethical issue is that because of his morals he is unsure of what he should do. He feelsRead MorePlum Electronics1400 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ABC case study: Plum Electronics Plum Electronics, a division of Berry Corporation, manufactures two large-screen television models: the Mammoth, which has been produced since 2009 and sells for $990, and the Maximum, a newer model introduced in early 2011 that sells for $1,254. Based on the following income statement for the year ended November 30, 2013, senior management at Berry have decided to concentrate Plum’s marketing resources on the Maximum model and to begin to phase out the Mammoth modelRead MoreHealth Care Rights Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagescontinued levels of inconsistent inadequacies to include treatment and care, responsibility to patient, medication and drug injuries, and ethical concerns. Concerns for breaches of confidentiality are acting without the patient’s consent or court order. Disclosure of valuable information can be oral or written, by telephone or electronically for example, ABC News reporter Callaway (2009) reported â€Å"For Medical Secrets, Try Face book†. Callaway’s report listed â€Å"some 13% of US medical schools reportingRead MoreEthics And The Ethical Issue Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping land recently bought by ABC company to build an adult entertainment retail store. Luke’s brother, Owen lives in the same neighborhood that this land is located. When the plans for the store become public the value of homes in Owen’s neighborhood is expected to decline. Luke knows his brother is thinking about selling his house. Owen has mentioned that, he has thought about even putting his home on the market for sale. ISSUE – application of Ethical The ethical issue is a conflict that LukeRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The United States1350 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemma Paper name CJA 324 date Instructor’s name An ethical dilemma can be characterized as a set of circumstances where one’s typical guiding moral influences clash in such a way that any possible conclusion will be perceived unfavorably. In today’s world, healthcare professionals can expect to be increasingly confronted with and play key roles in the resolution of ethical dilemmas. This paper serves to explore, in detail, an ethical dilemma relating to civil confinement and the implications

Schizophrenia in the Spotlight - 2236 Words

Schizophrenia in the Spotlight Many people have asked what schizophrenia is over the years. Schizophrenia is a serious disorder that makes simple everyday tasks hard to complete due to delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech. People with schizophrenia normally have a hard time forming relationships. Only around 1 percent of people will develop schizophrenia in their lifetime. Even though men and women’s onset of schizophrenia takes place at different ages, they are equally affected (Butcher, Hooley, Mineka, 2014).The treatment and prognosis on this disorder have greatly improved. Two of the main treatments for schizophrenia are pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies. There is still a lot that is unknown about schizophrenia. Research is being done on a regular basis to collect additional knowledge, to improve treatments, and increases peoples understanding on this disorder. There are a many known cases of schizophrenia, dating back to 1810, before it was even given its clinical name. John Haslam reported the first known case of schizophrenia in London, England in 1810. He explained the patient to have episodes of delusions, which is common in people with schizophrenia. (Butcher, Hooley, Mineka, 2014). In the 19th century, Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, was the one that discovered schizophrenia. At the time Kraepelin called it dementia praecox. It wasn’t until 1911 that it was given the diagnostic name, Schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler (Lewis Show MoreRelatedAmanda Bynes Psychological Perspective Essay678 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen diagnosed with both Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder. Finally, after several outrageous months, Bynes was, â€Å"placed under an involuntary hold,† known as the 5150 psychiatric hold, in Los Angeles, California. The UCLA Medical Center came to a conclusion and diagnosed Amanda Bynes with both, a bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Bynes’ disorder can be applicable based on several different perspectives such as the biological, and the social cognitive. Schizophrenia is a severe psychologicalRead MoreMental Illness: The Main Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1546 Words   |  7 Pagesthe stigma behind mental illness. Mental illness ranges anywhere from extremely mild cases to some of the more severe illness such as schizophrenia (Brown, Kaylene; Bradley, Loretta J. 2002). Schizophrenia is a mental illness, which affects one percent of the American population. It is a severe mental illness that affects the brain. For many people schizophrenia is debilitating it is known to prevent an individual from being able to have a normal life (Koch, J. 2010). Hearing voices and havingRead MoreMental illness1262 Words   |  6 Pagesmathematical. Stop moping and get to work. The kind of potential you have†( Auburn 10). Robert understands that Catherine has great potential to discover long elegant equations, but refuses to do so for some unspecific reason. Auburn then changes the spotlight from Catherine to Robert when Catherine asks her father if his worked changed after he got sick. This is the first time David Auburn mentioned anything about an illness. Auburn leads us to believe that Catherine who recently turned 25 is worriedRead More Is Doubt the Key to Knowledge?1437 Words   |  6 Pagesreinforce or repudiate various aspects of studies. One example is the fallacy of the 50 percent schizophrenia twin concordance rate. It is a commonly held belief in psychiatry that if schizophrenia is a genetic disorder then other mental disorders must be too. Dr. Jay Joseph doubted this idea and re-analyzed all published twin schizophrenia studies. His in-depth analysis revealed that in many cases the schizophrenia twin research had been plagued by unsound methodology, researcher bias, and a reliance onRead MoreOne Social Issue That Has Not Gotten Much Attention Until1357 Words   |  6 Pagesdisabilities are still trying to gain some spotlight, although Curious Incident’s popularity has helped. Many of the plays revolving around mental illness are being performed in local theatres throughout Great Britain. It is good to have plays on smaller scales, especially ones on mental illness because it creates a more intimate setting for the audience to understand the characters’ disabilities. A lot of these plays are great works that have yet to find the spotlight. The play A Sudden Burst of BlindingRead MoreCreativity And Mental Disorders : Subjective Dilemma Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesal, 2015). They defined creative individuals as â€Å"those belonging to the national artistic societies of actors, da ncers, musicians, visual artists, and writers† (Powers, et al, 2015). Though their data showed that those with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may be more likely to go into creative fields; the problem is that just because a mentally ill person is drawn to a certain occupation does not mean that, that person is any more creative than an average individual (Powers, et al, 2015). A criticismRead MoreSnow Is All Grown Up877 Words   |  4 Pagesonly 7 years old. They had met at a business conference in New York and instantly fell in love. At the age of 17 years old, the stepmother’s envy and jealousy started growing stronger towards Snow as Snow got everything she desired and took the spotlight. The stepmother took a glance in the mirror and began talking to herself, â€Å" I’m the fairest of them all, not Snow† as she continued to stare, she noticed the room getting darker, the wrinkles on her face grew more visible and she noticed liver spotsRead MoreEs say Summer and Smoke1467 Words   |  6 Pages1944, he took a few months break and wrote his first draft of Summer and Smoke. As a result, the character Alma is seen having a parallel to Blanche. Also in the year 1937, Tennessees sister Rose is institutionalized for schizophrenia. Typically patients with schizophrenia are at times progressive, at times intermediate and can regress at anytime. They also show a tendency toward deterioration, and memory disturbance. Knowing that Tennessee grew up around a person of this nature helps to explainRead MoreHamlet, Prince of Denmark825 Words   |  4 Pagestime, unity of space, and unity of action; whereas the Shakespearean drama does not follow such rules. Secondly, Greek tragedy lay main emphasis on destiny than on the action of protagonist (Oedipus Rex—a model Greek tragedy); Shakespearean tragedy spotlights the Hamartia (error of judgement or a tragic flaw, though minor in nature), reason for the adversity of a tragic hero . Thirdly, Greek tragedy revolves round one person called protagonist whereas Shakespearean tragedy has an array of characters,Read MoreMental Health and Violence Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mentally ill may more readily reported to the police (Ref forensic and criminal psychology chapter 20 page 368 Dennis howitt 3rd edition) â€Å"People with mental health problems are upset by the way they are portrayed in the media. Terms like Schizophrenia, depression or anxieties are replaced by bonkers, nutter, psycho or loony. Whenever there is a Crime, it is a â€Å"nutter† that did it, even if there’s no link to mental health problems. These terms confuse People, do nothing to educate the public

Comparison Claude Monet and Van Gogh Essay Example For Students

Comparison: Claude Monet and Van Gogh Essay This as not due to a lack in technique or training; this is a style that Monet acquired by using very dappled brushstrokes in his work. The individual brushstrokes portray the different shapes of each object, which enhances the composition of this piece. The overlapping of distinct brush strokes gives the piece depth and a lively quality. For example, the high grass is well depicted as blowing in the wind but this movement would not be as beautifully rendered if Monet didnt use dappled brushstrokes. The Path on the Island of Saint Martin, Bethel has a very rich use of color and rightness that bring a sense of clarity to the piece. Monet uses a variety of color in this piece but sticks to mostly earthy tones which gives the piece a harmonious feeling. Monet did not try to smooth away or diminish the appearance of their brush strokes, which was a popular technique during Impressionism. Another Impressionist technique that Monet used was capturing a fleeting moment. In Path on the Island of Saint Martin, Bethel Monet captures the fleeting effects of sunlight that happen throughout that day. Capturing these moments enhances the feeling of a certain impression of the scene. Rain by Vincent Van Gogh is oil painting that was created in 1889. Van Gogh was a famous artist during the Post-Impressionism time period and created artworks that had a strong emotional impact on viewers. Rain has several realistic depictions but stays true to Van Sagos personal experience during the rain storm. Rain has a sad emotional feeling to it, because of the muddy, dark, vivid colors that Van Gogh chose to use. Vincent Van Gogh manipulated many different color lattes in most of his works and he manipulates the colors in Rain by overlapping them to create new tones and shades. The color of the paint that Van Gogh uses perfectly depicts a rainy day; the viewer immediately gets a sense of a gloomy rainstorm when looking at the piece. Van Sagos line work in this piece is extraordinary and allows the viewer to experience the rainstorm first hand; his use of long and short diagonal strokes, which cover the entire forefront of the painting, effortlessly depict a rain storm. Van Gogh choose to use thick white strokes of paint to present the rain and it is rendered beautifully especially in contrast to the darker colors in the background. Van Gogh is able to capture the true essence of the rainstorm by painting the piece very blurry. He rejects the idea of the landscape in order for the viewer to focus more on the rain. Behind the blurriness of the piece the viewer can make out a small fence that Van Gogh painted into his piece. The fence is a little asymmetrical, but seems intentional in order to create a sense of depth and achieve Van Sagos perspective during the rainstorm. In comparison, it is apparent hat Post- Impressionism was highly influenced by Impressionism, and there are many similar techniques used in both pieces. Monet and Van Sagos paintings are both portraying an outdoor landscape of a wheat field, but are painted in many different and unique ways. Van Sagos looks as if it was painted wildly and quickly. Motets piece is clear that he took time to plan each paint stroke. Both oil paintings use earthy color tones but Van Sagos piece has a darker, muddy feel to it because of his technique of manipulating colors. Van Sagos work has a sense of looseness that test the mood and tone perfectly, while Motets work has a little bit more depiction to objects and the landscape. Both artist use oil paint and keep a thick texture of paint so both pieces have this feeling that they are somewhat Jumping out at you. Motets piece depicts the landscape quite clearly while Van Sagos piece is much more blurry and he denies much of the landscape. In Motets piece the trees, landscape, and wheat field are successfully depicted and you can even see some small details. In Van Sagos piece one is more focused on the rain than the blurred out landscape. .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 , .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .postImageUrl , .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 , .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:hover , .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:visited , .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:active { border:0!important; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:active , .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8 .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u29e11b3e2e7e3bad6233e19c89f30ef8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison Of Coleridge's Rationalism To Wordsworth's Liberalism EssayBoth artists have great use of space that allows the viewer to gain a sense of perspective; Rain seems to be a perspective that was looking down on the wheat filed, while in Path on the Island of Saint Martin, Bethel the viewer is at ground level with the field. In closing, Monet and Van Gogh are very alike in the sense that they both enjoyed painting outdoor landscapes, but they are very different in the way they capture the scenes. Monet strove to capture the essence of a fleeting moment, such as light, while Van Gogh strove to capture the essence of a particular mood or emotion. These two different styles are clearly depicted when walking through the galleries at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Claude Motets art work all give the viewer a sense of clarity with the use of earthy and warm colors that he uses to paint landscapes. Van Sagos art work often leaves one pondering of his exact emotive intentions were but for most, if not all, pieces the viewer is definitely able to feel an array of emotions while browsing through Van Sagos work. Path on the Island of Saint Martin, Bethel by Claude Monet. Personal Photograph by Natalie Pagans. 12 Par 2013.

Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid Essays

Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Introduction Salicylic acid is a phenol as well as a carboxylic acid. It can therefore undergo two different types of esterification reactions, creating an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the acid. In the presence of acetic anhydride, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA) is formed. Correspondingly, an excess of methanol will form methyl salicylate, which is also an analgesic. In this experiment, we will use the first reaction in order to prepare aspirin. Salicylic acid will not react significantly with acetic acid to produce aspirin. Acetic acid anhydride, however, is more reactive than acetic acid because its acetate group (CH3CO2-1) is a much better leaving group than the HO-1 from the acetic acid. The reaction has one complication, however, in that an esterification can occur between the phenol and acid portion of adjacent salicylic acid molecules. Further, more molecules can bind to the remaining free substituents on these molecules to create a macromolecule, or polymer. The polymer is formed as a by-product. Acetylsalicylic acid will react with sodium bicarbonate to form a water- soluble sodium salt, whereas the polymer remains insoluble. This difference will be used to purify the aspirin product. The most likely impurity in the final product is salicylic acid, which can be either unconsumed reactant, or the result of hydrolysis of the aspirin product. Salicylic acid is removed during the purification steps as well. Salicylic acid, like most phenols, forms a highly colored complex with ferric chloride, and is easily detected. Aspirin does not form the colored complex because the hydroxyl has been acetylated. [pic] Background Reading McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 8th Ed., pp 830 and 835 (7th Ed, pp 802 & 806-7). J. Beran, Lab Manual for Principles of General Chemistry, 9th and 8th Ed., Experiment 19, pg 231. Key Words phenol, carboxylic acid, ester, acid anhydride, macromolecule Compound, Reaction, and Yield Data Provide systematic names for the reactant and product in the substance section. Provide tabulated and experimental melting ranges for product. Report mass and moles for the reactant and product, and calculate yield % on a molar basis. Mechanism The mechanism is called nucleophilic acyl substitution. It is similar, but not identical, to the hydrolysis on pg 830 in McMurry 8e. The electrophile is an acid anhydride, not an acid chloride. The entering nucleophile is salicylic acid (its phenol O), not water. On the resulting tetrahedral intermediate, the H from salicylic acid moves to the middle O on the anhydride. Finally, the leaving group is acetic acid, rather than chloride. No base is involved. Provide structures of all intermediates in your lab report. Substances 2.0 g salicylic acid 5.0 mL acetic anhydride 5 drops concentrated H2SO4 25 ml saturated NaHCO3(aq) 3.5 mL concentrated HCl Apparatus one 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask 70-mm filter paper and Buchner funnel 250-mL or 500-ml vacuum flask Procedure Part A: Synthesis 1. Weigh 2.0 g of salicylic acid crystals. Place in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask. 2. In a hood, slowly add 5.0 ml of acetic anhydride and 5 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid to the flask Caution - Concentrated H2SO4 solutions are corrosive and cause acid burns. Carboxylic acid anhydrides are corrosive and extremely hygroscopic. They will cause burns, and they have a strong vinegar-like odor. Use gloves and avoid all contact with skin, eyes, and nose. Perform entire step in fume hood. 3. Swirl the flask gently until the salicylic acid has completely dissolved. If mixture solidifies completely, proceed to step 4. 4. Heat the flask in a boiling water bath (100 oC) for a minimum of 10 minutes. Clamp the flask to a stand so that it does not fall over into the water bath. 5. Allow the flask to cool slightly, and then place in an ice bath to crystallize the acetylsalicylic acid. If necessary, gently scratch the bottom of the flask with a glass rod (to initiate crystal formation on microscopic glass particles). 6. After crystals have formed, add 50 ml of DI water, and cool the mixture in an ice bath. Do not add water until crystallization is complete. Also, place a beaker of DI water in the ice bath and cool to use in later steps. 7. Collect the product by vacuum filtration using a 70-mm filter paper and Buchner funnel. The filtrate can be used to rinse the Erlenmeyer flask repeatedly until all of the crystals have been collected. 8. Rinse the crystals collected in the funnel with 5 - 10 ml of 5 oC DI water. Then, apply vacuum to the crystals for 30 seconds to remove all of the

Sofsf Essay Example

Sofsf Essay Hence, awareness as well as resolution nickering these problems Is Imperative for current and future law enforcement officers to effectively perform their duties. Objectives The student will be able to: 1. Analyze various criminal laws. 2. Explain basic terms in regards to the enforcement of criminal laws. 3. Define special populations. 4. Resolve ethical issues as they relate to enforcing criminal laws. Engage Search the Internet for a free video clip including the key words police kill handicapped double-amputee, or search for other video clips depicting ethical dilemmas common in law enforcement. Have the students imagine that they are edges responsible for resolving the issue(s). Use the Discussion Rubric for assessment. Key Points l. Electronic crime A. Any criminal activity involving the use of computers, such as the illegal transfer of funds from one account to another; or the stealing, changing, or erasing of data in an electronic data bank B. History 1. In the late sasss there was a large increase in electronic crimes and profound measures were proposed to resolve the problem 2. In 1999, the Federal Computer Investigations Committee (FCC) performed a scenario to further substantiate the emerging robber of electronic crime as well as the challenges it presents for law enforcement 3. Southern District of New York v. Melissa G. King case involving the chief at the Park Avenue branch of New Works Union Dime Savings Bank; she embezzled over $1. 5 million from hundreds of accounts 4. United States v. We will write a custom essay sample on Sofsf specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sofsf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sofsf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Saleroom another infamous case involved a hacking group called MOD (Masters of Deception) a) It is alleged the group stole passwords and technical data from Pacific Bell, Annex, and other telephone companies b) The damage caused was extensive; one company, Southwestern Bell suffered losses of $370,000 Copyright Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved. C. Types 1 . Spellbinding harassing someone online by sending or posting mean messages, usually anonymously 2. Cabinetmaking using the Internet to meet a person that one intends to criminally victimize 3. E-mail harassment sending multiple e-mails to annoy or threaten a person 4. Theft of wireless services the unauthorized use of a wireless Internet connection that may impose costs on a residential subscriber or a corporate network operator D. The Role of law enforcement 1 . Investigate and dismantle computer crimes . Collect evidence properly 3. Gather evidence in a timely manner 4. Prepare the evidence properly for transfer to federal agents 5. Transfer the E. Issues for law enforcement 1. Establishing Jurisdiction is unclear due to the lack off physical location 2. Clarifying privacy rights in regard to social networking websites 3. Determining the appropriate time to apprehend the suspect or suspects II. Hate Crimes A. Criminal actions against an individual or group which is motivated by hatred of race, religion, sexual orientation, handicap, ethnicity, or national origin; a hate crime an be an act of intimidation, threats, property damage, assault, and even murder B. In 2002 police agencies reported 7,462 hate crime incidents including 11 murders across the country (FBI, 2003) C. Historic Legislation 1 . Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 2. Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 3. Hate Crime Sentencing Enhancement Act of 1996 4. The Matthew Sheppard and James Byrd, Jar. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009 D. Role of law enforcement 1. Implement measures to prevent hate crimes 2. Respond to hate crime incidents 3. Preserve/secure crime scenes 4. Stabilize the victim(s) and request medical attention when/if necessary 5. Ensure the safety of all involved: the victims, witnesses, and perpetrators 6. Collect physical evidence 2 Ill. Hot Pursuit/Police Chases A. Pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law by law enforcement 1 . They are often inevitable, but they create dangerous situations for everyone involved, especially when the police go to extreme lengths while pursuing suspects for minor violations 2. Scott v. Harris a police officer terminated a high-speed pursuit resulting in a crash that rendered the suspect a quadriplegic. The suspect sued but the court ruled that the officer did not violate the Fourth Amendment C. The dilemma for law enforcement is whether the benefits of potential apprehension outweigh the risks of endangering the public and the police 1. Ensure public safety 2. Determine if pursuing misdemeanors offenses outweighs the cost; quick decisions 3. Remember that pursuit is not negotiable for felony stops V. Human Trafficking A. A form of modern-day slavery where people profit from the control and 18 or over who are coerced or deceived into commercial sex acts, and anyone forced onto different forms of labor or services, such as domestic workers held in a home, or farm-workers forced to labor against their will (http://www. Polaris]etc. Org/ humidification/overview) B. History forms of slavery have existed since the ancient Greek and Roman times 1. United States v. Kooky Haw Adler agents of the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) arrested 31 Korean nationals throughout the northeast US in a federal human trafficking case 2. United States v. Do Yup Bee involves human trafficking of individuals from Canada and Mexico C. Role of law enforcement 1 . Awareness that the victims suffer a violation of human rights and need protection 2. Promotion of the safety and wellbeing of victims is paramount 3. Have a Plan of Action when it relates to the incidents involving human trafficking 4. Use relationship building skills when it relates to the victims of this kind of crime D. Issues for law enforcement 1 . Knowing which laws have been violated 3 2. Understanding the process for addressing the various kinds of traffickers and victims (I. E. Coyotes and illegal immigrants) V. Use of force involving special populations A. Any physical coercion used to effect, influence, or persuade an individual to comply with an order from an officer, above unregistered handcuffing, including actively pointing a firearm at a person (http://www. Orthophosphate. Org/ BP_Settlement_Ascertainments. PDF) 1 . Marshall v. City of Portland this case involved a mentally ill individual who died while law enforcement was exhibiting use of force 2. Champion v. Outlook Nashville, Inc. this case involved police officers continuously spraying mace in the face of a mentally challenged individual that was handcuffed and obviously not a threat 1 . To offer and participate in efficient and effective tra ining 2. To recognize mental illness early when addressing individuals D. Issues for law enforcement 1 . Civil Rights Laws violations 2. Police Misconduct/abuse of power Activities Have students write a scenario about one common problem in law enforcement. Then select the best scenario(s) and have the students write how they would handle the situation(s) if they were the police officer(s) on duty. Use the Individual Work Rubric for assessment. Common Problems in Law Enforcement Quiz and Key Discussion Rubric Individual Work Rubric Research Rubric Materials